非洲开始进入无脊髓灰质炎倒计时

非洲开始进入无脊髓灰质炎倒计时

Africa has gone three years without a case of wild polio being detected, the World Health Organization said on Wednesday, a significant milestone in the quest to eradicate the disease.

世界卫生组织周三表示，非洲已经三年没有发现一例野生脊髓灰质炎病例，这是根除该疾病的一个重要里程碑。

The continent's last case of polio caused by the wild virus was detected on 21 August 2016 in Nigeria. Africa is expected to be certified free of wild polio by early next year following an independent evaluation process, however vaccine-derived cases of the disease still pose a challenge.

非洲大陆最后一例由野生病毒引起的脊髓灰质炎病例于2016年8月21日在尼日利亚发现。经过一个独立的评估过程，非洲有望在明年初被证明没有野生脊髓灰质炎，但疫苗引发的脊髓灰质炎病例仍构成挑战。

Moeti attributed present progress to an "unprecedented scale" of multinational effort by governments, partners, and health workers, who have deployed financial and technical resources to provide vaccination and education, especially in remote areas.

莫伊蒂将目前的进展归功于各国政府、合作伙伴和卫生工作者开展的“空前规模”的努力，他们部署了财政和技术资源来提供疫苗接种和教育，特别是在偏远地区。

"It has involved men and women volunteering in the thousands, sometimes putting themselves in harm's way," Moeti said.

莫伊蒂说:“成千上万的男女志愿者参加了这项活动，有时他们把自己置于危险的境地。”

Wild vs vaccine-derived polio

野生脊髓灰质炎与疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎

Cases due to the wild poliovirus found in nature have decreased by more than 99% since 1988, from an estimated 350,000 cases then, to 33 reported cases in 2018, according to the WHO.

根据世界卫生组织的数据，自1988年以来，在自然界发现的野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例减少了99%以上，由当时估计的35万例下降到2018年报告的33例。

However, outbreaks of vaccine-derived polio strains have occurred in Central African Republic, Somalia, Kenya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Niger and Papua New Guinea in recent years.

然而，近年来，疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎毒株在中非共和国、索马里、肯尼亚、刚果民主共和国、尼日尔和巴布亚新几内亚暴发。

Most of the time the virus dies off but it can sometimes spread in an area where there is low vaccination coverage. The solution for stopping this type of polio is for every child to be vaccinated to stop its transmission, according to WHO, which has noted that if a population is fully immunized, they will be protected against both vaccine-derived and wild polioviruses.

大多数情况下病毒会死亡，但有时会在疫苗接种覆盖率较低的地区传播。世卫组织指出，制止这类脊髓灰质炎的解决办法是让每一个儿童接种疫苗，以阻止其传播。世卫组织指出，如果一个人口获得充分免疫，他们将受到疫苗衍生病毒和野生脊髓灰质炎病毒的双重保护。

In August 2016, Nigeria reported a case of wild poliovirus in the northern state of Borno two years after it had reported none.

2016年8月，尼日利亚在北部博尔诺州报告了一例野生脊髓灰质炎病毒病例，两年前该国尚未报告一例。

Insecurity, conflict, migration, and parents refusing to get their children vaccinated are some challenges that hamper vaccination efforts in Nigeria, according to WHO.

据世卫组织说，不安全、冲突、移民和父母拒绝让孩子接种疫苗是阻碍尼日利亚疫苗接种工作的一些挑战。

Dr. Oyewale Tomori, a professor of virology at Redeemer's University in Nigeria, said there were still hurdles for the Nigerian government and health monitoring agencies to cross in the country's northeast where terror group Boko Haram still wages deadly attacks, killing health workers.

尼日利亚雷迪默大学病毒学教授奥耶瓦莱·托莫里博士表示，尼日利亚政府和卫生监测机构在该国东北部地区仍然存在障碍，那里的恐怖组织博科圣地仍在发动致命袭击，造成卫生工作者死亡。