安德鲁·杨解释了他为何提议每月给每个美国人1000美元

安德鲁·杨解释了他为何提议每月给每个美国人1000美元

When you hear a big idea from a presidential candidate, do you ever want to ask: How would that work?

当你从一位总统候选人那里听到一个伟大的想法时，你是否想问:这个想法是如何实现的?

Two undecided voters John Zeitler, a 48-year-old attorney for an insurance company, and Hetal Jani, 36, who runs a nonprofit focused on education and mentorship, wanted to know more about the "freedom dividend" proposal from first-time presidential candidate Andrew Yang.

48岁的保险公司律师约翰·泽特勒和36岁的非营利教育和辅导机构负责人赫塔尔·贾尼是两位尚未决定的选民，他们想知道更多关于首次竞选总统的候选人安德鲁·杨提出的“自由红利”提议。

The voters, along with Morning Edition host Noel King, sat down with Yang at a Midtown Manhattan dumpling shop called Baodega as part of Off Script, a series of interviews with 2020 presidential candidates.

选民们和《晨报》的主持人诺埃尔·金在曼哈顿中城一家名为宝德加的饺子店与杨坐在一起，这是对2020年总统候选人的一系列采访的一部分。

Yang, a tech entrepreneur and author, proposes that the government give every American adult $1,000 a month — a form of universal basic income, no strings attached. He says this income is necessary to address wide-scale job losses due to automation. It would help people have the resources to afford to look for work, care for a loved one, start a business or do nonprofit work.

杨是一名科技企业家和作家，他建议政府每月给每个美国成年人1000美元——这是一种普遍的基本收入，没有任何附加条件。他说，这些收入对于解决自动化造成的大规模失业问题是必要的。它将帮助人们有足够的资源去找工作、照顾亲人、创业或从事非营利性工作。

"It's enough to be a game changer," Yang told the voters. "But it's not meant to be a full work replacement, and it's certainly not meant to solve every problem."

“这足以改变游戏规则，”杨告诉选民们。“但它并不意味着完全替代工作，也肯定不是为了解决所有问题。”

Those who wanted the dividend would give up any traditional welfare benefits they were getting — or they could just stick with their welfare payments. The dividend, Yang said, is like a "foundation or a floor."

那些想要红利的人将放弃他们正在获得的任何传统福利，或者他们可以坚持他们（之前）的福利。杨说，红利就像一个“基础”。

The government would not specify how the universal basic income should be spent, and Jani wondered whether that could lead to bad decision-making. "Do people always make the choices that we need them to make in order to get to the world that you're hoping to get to?"

政府没有具体说明应该如何使用这种普遍的基本收入，贾尼想知道这是否会是糟糕的决策。“为了到达你希望达到的那个世界，人们总是做出我们需要他们做出的选择吗?”

"If you get the freedom dividend in January and you buy a big TV, like maybe I wouldn't have bought that big TV, but you know, it's your decision, your resources. It's like you might make a different decision in February," he said.

“如果你在一月份获得了自由红利，你买了一台大电视，也许我不会买那台大电视，但你知道，这是你的决定，你的资金。就像你可能在二月份做出不同的决定一样。”他说道。

"The benefit to me of putting this sort of autonomy in people's hands far outweigh trying to direct it to very, very specific expenses. But I will say again that we still need to do a lot of work to address the real problems in our society on top of anything we're doing with the freedom dividend."

“对我来说，把这种自主权给人们的好处远远超过试图把它规定为非常、非常具体的支出。但我想再说一遍，除了我们在自由红利上所做的任何事情，我们仍然需要做很多工作来解决我们社会中真正的问题。”

Zeitler also wanted to know more about the value-added tax that Yang proposes to pay for it. Specifically, Zeitler wondered whether a 10% tax on goods and services that businesses produce was too unfair and whether wealthier Americans and corporations shouldn't shoulder more of a burden in a tax code restructuring.

泽特勒还想了解更多关于杨提出的增值税的支付问题。具体来说，泽特勒想知道对企业生产的商品和服务征收10%的税是否不公平，以及富裕的美国人和企业是否不应该在税法调整中承担更多的税收负担。

Yang agreed but said that the current tax system is "being gamed to incredible degrees" by corporations.

杨同意这一观点，但他表示，目前的税收制度正被企业“玩弄到令人难以置信的程度”。

"So you have a trillion-dollar tech company like Amazon that's now closing 30% of America's stores and malls literally paying zero in taxes. " Yang said.

“像亚马逊这样价值上万亿美元的科技公司现在关闭了美国30%的商店和购物中心，几乎不用缴税。”杨说。

"Because we're in an era of unprecedented technology and innovation, our data is now worth more than oil, as an example. And we're seeing none of that. The companies that are seeing that value are Amazon, Facebook, Google and these mega-tech companies."

“因为我们处在一个前所未有的技术和创新的时代，我们的数据现在比石油更有价值。我们没有看到这一点。看到这种价值的公司是亚马逊、脸书、谷歌和这些大型科技公司。”