美媒盘点好莱坞片场工种
演员：电影拍完后，只有演员能够在银幕上露脸，够幸运。
Art Director: The right, or left, hand of theproduction designer. The Designer decides what theworld is, and the Art Director works with the entireart department to make sure that vision happens.Most of the time they also have to do all that workand keep the entire department on time andbudget.
艺术指导：美术总监的左膀右臂。美术总监负责构建场景，而艺术指导与整个艺术制作部门合作负责落实。大多数情况下，他们也要参与所有这些工作，确保按时完成，并控制预算。
Associate Producer: To quote David Mamet from State and Main,"[The credit is] what you giveyour secretary instead of a raise."
助理制片人：引用影片《欲望小镇》导演戴维·马梅特的话来说，“助理的名字会被写在鸣谢名单上，而不用给他加工资”。
Assistant: There isn't enough space on the internet to list all the things an assistant does, buthere goes a try: 1. Make coffee 2. Answer phones 3. Purchase gifts 4. Book travel 5. Do scriptnotes 6. Get their boss home safe and alive every night 7. Etc. 8. Etc. 9. Etc.
助理：网站上没有足够空间列出助理所有工作事项，但包括：煮咖啡、接电话、买礼物、预订行程、做剧本记录、每晚将老大安全送回家，等等。
Assistant Director (AD): If the director steers the ship, the AD makes sure he has the tools todo it. The AD sets the schedule and tries their VERY best to keep everyone on it.
副导演：如果说导演是舵手，那么副导演就要确保舵手有工具可用。副导演安排日程，并尽可能让大家按部就班。
Best Boy: Assistants to their department head (either Gaffer, or Key Grip), they work hellahard and always have various types of tape and cable ties at the ready.
灯光/器械助理：(灯光指导或道具主管)助理。他们干活很卖命，准备好各种录影带和线缆随时待命。
Catering/Craft Service: They hold the cast and crew in their hands by keeping them fed,hydrated, caffeinated, and happy. For those that behave, they may also keep a small stash ofyour favorite treats hidden away on your rough days.
餐饮服务生：他们为全体剧组提供餐饮、咖啡，让剧组吃饱喝好。如果对他们态度好点，他们还会给你留点好吃的，在你拍摄遇阻的时候犒劳一下你。
Co-Producer: Most of the time just as important as an Executive Producer or Producer butmakes significantly less money.
联合制片人：大多数情况下和执行制片人或监制一样重要，但挣得少很多。
Director: The leader of the pack, the righter of the ship and, if they know what is good forthem, the buyer of the first round after wrap.
导演：片场的主导、主舵手，如果了解大家喜好的话，会在杀青之后请喝第一顿酒。
DP/Director of Photography/Cinematographer: Runs the camera crew to make the visual andlighting magic—hopefully, super well supported by the grip and electric department. Some eventhrow that camera on their shoulder and operate. Sometimes while doing so they fall down.It's funny.
摄影指导/摄影师：负责管理摄影团队，实现视觉和灯光效果——当然最好是得到器械部门和电力部门通力支持。有些人甚至亲自扛着摄像机上阵，有时候还会自己绊倒，让人忍俊不禁。
Editor: The person who shapes the movie into what it becomes. The right (or left) hand of thedirector and the person most relied upon to fix what is wrong well after the fact.
剪辑：负责将影片修剪为成片。是导演的左膀右臂，是杀青后修修补补最需要依赖的角色。
Executive Producer: Up for grabs. The money person, the idea person, the line producer, theagent, or manager for the writer/director/actor or someone with the golden ticket.
执行制片人：什么都要管。又管钱又出点子，做现场制片还兼经纪人。编剧、导演、演员、还有各种大牌有事都找他。
Gang Boss: I'm pretty sure sometimes they are just called construction foremen, but whywould you call yourself that if you could go by GANG BOSS. Their job is to oversee theconstruction crew and make sure everything on set gets built as it should.
领班：可以肯定，有时候他们只是叫工头，但如果能叫领班的话，谁还会叫自己工头呢。他们负责监督施工队，确保片场所有布景搭建到位。
Gaffer: The chief electrician and, hopefully, the DP's bestie.
灯光总监：电工头，但愿还是摄影指导的铁杆兄弟。
Grip: They build and maintain everything that the camera goes on like a dolly or a crane, andalso help set up all the stuff that the lighting equipment goes on.
置景工：负责搭建、维护设备，让摄像机一会儿架在移动车上，一会儿挂在摇臂上。他们还会帮忙布光。
Producer: What they actually do is totally up for the grabs—either they handle the money, orthey're the boss, or they're just also someone with the aforementioned golden ticket.
制片人：实际上，他们的工作完全就是多面手——管钱袋子，负责片场工作，或者他们自己也是某大牌。
Production Assistant (PA): Does just what the job says—assists the production in a variety ofways. They always carry a walkie talkie. They're also the first person you should befriend on setbecause they can get you what you need—whatever that is.
制片助理：字面意思就是他们的工作职责——以多种方式协助影片制作。他们通常会拿着对讲机。到片场之后，他们也应该是你第一个搞好关系的人，因为他们能帮上你的忙，无论是什么忙。
Production Designer: The person responsible for the overall look of the film. They chat with thedirector and bring (with the help of a sizable art department) that vision to life.
美术总监：负责影片整体效果。他们和导演沟通之后会把设想变为现实(借助规模可观的艺术部门)。
Production Supervisor: It can be SO many different things. But the best ones are like ghostsbecause they do all the things that need to get done and no one even notices they neededdoing.
制片监制：工作真的是太多太多了。但最好的制片监制就像幽灵，因为他们会把所有需要搞定的事情都搞定，但甚至没有人注意到这些事情需要打理。
Script Supervisor: Watches everyone like a hawk. It is their job to monitor action, wardrobe,props, set dressing, and hair and makeup on screen.
剧本指导：密切关注每个人。他们的工作是监督拍摄、服装、道具、布景和发型及化妆。
Second Unit: The gaggle who shoots the "other stuff" for a movie. Mostly anything notinvolving the principal cast—like action scenes, or pick up shots.
第二摄制组：拍摄影片“其他内容”的团队。大多是不涉及主要演员的任何内容——譬如动作场景，或者补拍镜头。
Writer: They created, whether originally or through adaptation, the world that got everyoneexcited about making the movie.
编剧：无论是基于原创还是通过改编，他们创造出让我们为之兴奋的电影世界。
