双语新闻：国际研究人员的一项新研究表明，在衡量地球健康状况的九项指标中，有六项超出了“人类安全运行空间”

 

 
The international scientists published the study in Science Advances. They said Earth's climate, biodiversity, land, freshwater, nutrient pollution, and human-made compounds are outside of "safe operating space for humanity."
国际科学家在《科学进展》杂志上发表了这项研究。他们说，地球的气候、生物多样性、土地、淡水、营养污染和人造化合物都不在“人类的安全操作空间”之内。
 
The scientists said only the acidity of the oceans, the health of the air, and the ozone layer are within limits considered to be safe.
科学家们表示，只有海洋的酸度、空气的健康和臭氧层才在被认为是安全的范围内。
 
The ozone layer is mainly high in the atmosphere and prevents dangerous solar radiation from reaching the surface of the Earth.
臭氧层主要位于大气层的高处，阻止危险的太阳辐射到达地球表面。
 
But the study warned that both the ocean and air pollution are moving in the wrong direction.
但这项研究警告说，海洋和空气污染都在朝着错误的方向发展。
 
Johan Rockstrom is a climate scientist who helped write the study. He is director of the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany. He said, "We are in very bad shape." He compared the Earth to a weakening, sick patient.
约翰·洛克斯特罗姆是一位气候科学家，他帮助撰写了这项研究。他是德国波茨坦气候影响研究所所长。他说：“我们的状况非常糟糕。”他把地球比作一个衰弱的病人。
 
In 2009, Rockstrom and other researchers created nine "boundary areas" and used measurements of them to judge Earth's health. The latest study continued research from a similar one in 2015. The latest study added a sixth area to the unsafe listing.
2009年，Rockstrom和其他研究人员创建了九个“边界区域”，并通过测量来判断地球的健康状况。这项最新研究延续了2015年类似研究的成果。最新研究在不安全名单上增加了第六个区域。
 
Rockstrom said the Earth's water went from being safe to being "out-of-bounds." The scientists said this was because of river run-off. They said better measurements and understanding of the issue had shown there was a problem.
Rockstrom说，地球上的水从安全变成了“越界”。科学家们说，这是因为河流径流。他们表示，更好的测量和对该问题的理解表明存在问题。
 
Rockstrom said these boundaries would decide the future of the planet. He added the nine measures have been "scientifically well established" by other studies. If Earth can manage these nine measures, Earth could be more-or-less safe. But it is not, he said.
洛克斯特罗姆说，这些边界将决定地球的未来。他补充说，其他研究已经“科学地确立”了这九项措施。如果地球能够管理这九项措施，地球可能或多或少是安全的。但事实并非如此，他说。
 
The nine measures were compared with each other in different ways. The team used computer simulations to predict the future. They would, for example, make predictions based on increases in the average temperature of the Earth. The team found, if one area was affected badly by a temperature change then all areas were affected badly. The team also found that if one area improved, all areas improved.
这九项指标以不同的方式相互比较。该团队使用计算机模拟来预测未来。例如，他们会根据地球平均温度的升高做出预测。研究小组发现，如果一个地区受到温度变化的严重影响，那么所有地区都会受到严重影响。研究小组还发现，如果一个领域有所改善，那么所有领域都会有所改善。
 
The scientists said the simulations showed that one of the most powerful ways to help the climate is to clean up land and to save forests. Returning forests to the late 20th century levels would provide natural areas to store carbon dioxide instead of in the air, where it traps heat, the study said.
科学家们表示，模拟表明，帮助气候变化的最有力方法之一是清理土地和拯救森林。该研究称，将森林恢复到20世纪末的水平将提供自然区域来储存二氧化碳，而不是在空气中储存热量。
 
Rockstrom added that biodiversity is in the most troubling area but does not get as much attention.
Rockstrom补充说，生物多样性是最令人不安的地区，但没有得到那么多关注。
 
However, the study said the ozone layer is improving. This shows that when the world and its leaders decide to deal with a problem, it can be fixed.
然而，研究表明，臭氧层正在改善。这表明，当世界及其领导人决定处理一个问题时，它是可以解决的。
 
Neil Donahue is a Carnegie Mellon chemistry and environment professor. He said, "for the most part there are things that we know how to do" to improve the remaining problems.
Neil Donahue是卡内基梅隆大学的化学与环境教授。他说，“在大多数情况下，我们知道如何做”来改善剩余的问题。
 
Some biodiversity scientists, like Duke University's Stuart Pimm, have disputed Rockstrom's methods, saying they are not worth much.
一些生物多样性科学家，如杜克大学的Stuart Pimm，对Rockstrom的方法提出了质疑，称其价值不大。
 
Granger Morgan is a Carnegie Mellon environmental engineering professor and was not part of the study. He said, "Experts don't agree on exactly where the limits are, or how much the planet's different systems may interact, but we are getting dangerously close."
格兰杰·摩根是卡内基梅隆大学的环境工程教授，他没有参与这项研究。他说：“专家们对极限在哪里，以及地球上不同系统可能相互作用的程度并不一致，但我们正在危险地接近。”
 
Morgan said he has often said if we do not cut back on how we are harming the Earth, "we're toast." He added, "This paper says it's more likely that we're burnt toast."
摩根说，他经常说，如果我们不减少对地球的伤害，“我们就完了。”他补充道，“这篇论文说，我们更有可能被烤焦了。”