听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:我们如何制造碳负性混凝土，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Tom Schuler

Tom Schuler是一名企业家，他预告了一种创新的混凝土制造方法，通过从大气中吸收二氧化碳，生产出一种可行的建筑材料。

【演讲主题】我们如何制造碳负性混凝土

How we could make carbon-negative concrete

【中英文字幕】

翻译者TED Translators Admin校对者Yolanda Zhang

Concrete is all around us, but most of usdon't even notice that it's there. We use concrete to build our roads,buildings, bridges, airports; it's everywhere. The only resource we use morethan concrete is water. And with population growth and urbanization, we'regoing to need concrete more than ever. But there's a problem.

我们身边处处是混凝土，不过多数人不会注意到它的存在。我们使用混凝土来建造道路、建筑物、桥、机场；可以说，混凝土无处不在。水是唯一比混凝土更常用的资源。 随着人口增长和城市化的发展，我们比以往更需要混凝土。但这里有一个问题：

Cement's the glue that holds concretetogether. And to make cement, you burn limestone with other ingredients in akiln at very high temperatures. One of the byproducts of that process is carbondioxide, or CO2. For every ton of cement that's manufactured, almost a ton ofCO2 is emitted into the atmosphere. As a result, the cement industry is thesecond-largest industrial emitter of CO2, responsible for almost eight percentof total global emissions. If we're going to solve global warming, innovationin both cement production and carbon utilization is absolutely necessary.

水泥是一种把混凝土粘合在一起的胶浆。要制造水泥，需要将石灰石和其他材料放入窑炉内进行高温烧制。这一过程产生的副产品之一就是二氧化碳，即 CO2。每制造一吨水泥，就有约一吨二氧化碳释放到大气中。结果就是，水泥工业成为了第二大工业二氧化碳排放源， 约占全球二氧化碳排放量的 8%。如果要解决全球变暖问题，我们就必须在水泥制造和碳利用方面行创新。

Now, to make concrete, you mix cement withstone, sand, and other ingredients, throw in a bunch of water, and then waitfor it to harden or cure. With precast products like pavers and blocks, youmight shoot steam into the curing chamber to try to accelerate the curingprocess. For buildings, roads, and bridges, we pour what's called ready-mixconcrete into a mold on the job site and wait for it to cure over time.

要制造混凝土，需要将水泥与石头、沙土和其他材料混合，加入大量的水，然后等待它固化。 使用像路砖或砌块 这样的预制产品，可以将蒸汽喷进凝固室里，以加快混凝土凝固。 对于建筑物、道路和桥梁，我们会在施工现场 将预搅拌混凝土倒入模具，然后等待它固化。

Now, for over 50 years, scientists believedthat if they cured concrete with CO2 instead of water, it would be moredurable, but they were hamstrung by Portland cement's chemistry. You see, itlikes to react with both water and CO2, and those conflicting chemistries justdon't make for very good concrete. So we came up with a new cement chemistry.

50多年来，科学家始终相信，如果用二氧化碳，而不是水，来固化混凝土，混凝土就会更耐用，但这一想法受制于生产波特兰水泥时的化学反应。水泥与水和二氧化碳都能产生反应，这些相互竞争的化学反应 并不能制作出优质的混凝土。于是，我们设计了 一种新的水泥化学反应。

We use the same equipment and rawmaterials, but we use less limestone, and we fire the kiln at a lowertemperature, resulting in up to a 30 percent reduction in CO2 emissions. Ourcement doesn't react with water. We cure our concrete with CO2, and we get thatCO2 by capturing waste gas from industrial facilities like ammonia plants orethanol plants that otherwise would've been released into the atmosphere.During curing, the chemical reaction with our cement breaks apart the CO2,capturing the carbon to make limestone, and that limestone's used to bind theconcrete together.

我们使用相同的设备和原料，但减少了石灰石的用量，并降低了窑炉的烧制温度，结果，二氧化碳的排放量减少了 30%。 我们的水泥不会与水产生反应。我们用二氧化碳固化这种混凝土，而这些二氧化碳来自工业设施，比如合成氨厂或乙醇厂所排出的废气，从而避免了这些废气 被排放到大气中。在固化期间，我们的水泥所产生的化学反应会分解二氧化碳，并利用捕捉到的碳制造石灰石，将混凝土粘合在一起。

Now, if a bridge made out of our concretewere ever demolished, there's no fear of the CO2 being emitted because itdoesn't exist any longer. When you combine the emissions reduction duringcement production with the CO2 consumption during concrete curing, we reducecement's carbon footprint by up to 70 percent. And because we don't consumewater, we also save trillions of liters of water.

如果使用我们的混凝土搭建的桥被摧毁了，也不用担心它会释放二氧化碳，因为二氧化碳早就不见踪影了。如果将水泥生产过程中减少的碳排放与混凝土固化过程中消耗的二氧化碳结合起来，水泥的碳足迹最多可降低 70%。而且这个过程不消耗水源，所以还能节省上万亿升的水。

Now, convincing a 2,000-year-old industrythat hasn't evolved much over the last 200 years, is not easy; but there arelots of new and existing industry players that are attacking that challenge.Our strategy is to ease adoption by seeking solutions that go beyond justsustainability. We use the same processes, raw material, and equipment that'sused to make traditional concrete, but our new cement makes concrete cured withCO2 that is stronger, more durable, lighter in color, and it cures in 24 hoursinstead of 28 days.

不过，要说服一个拥有 2000 年历史，但在过去的 200 年里没有多大发展的行业进行变革并不容易，好在目前有许多新的 和现有的业内机构 正在努力应对这一挑战。我们的策略是简化方案，寻找超越可持续性的解决方案。我们采用了传统水泥的 制作过程、原料和设备，我们的新型水泥使用二氧化碳 进行固化，得到的混凝土 更坚固耐用，颜色也更淡， 能在 24 小时内凝固，而不再需要 28 天。

Our new technology for ready-mix is intesting and infrastructure applications, and we've pushed our research evenfurther to develop a concrete that may become a carbon sink. That means that wewill consume more CO2 than is emitted during cement production. Since we can'tuse CO2 gas at a construction site, we knew we had to deliver it to ourconcrete in either a solid or liquid form. So we've been partnering withcompanies that are taking waste CO2 and transforming it into a useful family ofchemicals like oxalic acid or citric acid, the same one you use in orangejuice. When that acid reacts with our cement, we can pack in as much as fourtimes more carbon into the concrete, making it carbon negative. That means thatfor a one-kilometer road section, we would consume more CO2 than almost a100,000 trees do during one year.

我们用于制作预搅拌混凝土的新技术尚处于测试和基础设施应用阶段， 而且我们进一步推动了相关研究， 希望能开发出一种可以用作碳汇的混凝土。这意味着，我们在制作水泥期间，消耗的二氧化碳会比排放的更多。鉴于我们无法在施工地 使用二氧化碳，所以必须将二氧化碳以固态 或液态形式注入混凝土中。我们一直在与一些公司合作，把二氧化碳废料转化成一系列有用的化学物质，比如草酸或柠檬酸，跟我们在橙汁里添加的一样。当这种酸性物质 与我们的水泥产生反应，我们能将相当于 四倍的二氧化碳注入混凝土，使它变成碳负性。这就意味着，对于一个一公里的路段，我们所消耗的二氧化碳比10万棵树在一年内消耗的还要多。

So thanks to chemistry and waste CO2, we'retrying to convert the concrete industry, the second-most-used material on theplanet, into a carbon sink for the planet.

利用化学反应和二氧化碳废气，我们正试图将混凝土，这个地球上用量第二大的材料，转变为地球的碳汇。

Thank you.

谢谢。