第24章　语　序 24.5　状语的位置

24.5　状语的位置

24.5.1　状语通常的位置

1) 状语通常放在谓语后面：

They work energetically. 他们干劲十足地工作。

The train was going fast. 火车在飞驰。

She went straight home. 她直接回家了。

Turn right here. 就在这里拐弯。

2) 若有宾语则放在宾语后面：

She welcomed us warmly. 她热情地欢迎我们。

You can dial Rome directly. 你可以直接拨电话到罗马。

He denied the accusation hotly. 他愤怒地否认这一指责。

He led us astray. 他把我们引上了歧路。

3) 在被动结构中状语可放在过去分词前面：

Her little daughter is always prettily dressed. 她的小女儿总是打扮得漂漂亮亮的。

He was rightly punished. 他受到应得的惩罚。

I was correctly informed. 我获得了正确的信息。

The boy was seriously injured. 男孩受了重伤。

4) 如果有几个时间或地点状语，一般小单位在前，大单位在后：

He was born at 9:30 on Thursday May 5th 1998. 他于1998年5月4日星期四九点半出生。

She lives at 109 Cork Street, Monrovia, California. 她住在加州蒙诺维亚柯克街109号。

24.5.2　状语放在句首的情况

1) 为了强调，状语常可以放在句首：

In union there is strength. 团结就是力量。

After midnight, the party broke up. 午夜之后晚会散了。

On his return from Europe, he set to work in earnest. 欧洲回来之后他认真干了起来。

Gently she put the baby on the bed. 她轻轻地把宝宝放在床上。

2) 疑问副词及含有疑问词的状语都放在句首：

Why haven't you been to see me all this time? 为什么这么长时间你没来看我？

How did you enjoy your Spring Festival? 你春节过得怎样？

In which year were you born? 你哪年生的？

For what purpose did you invite me to come here? 你请我来这里是什么目的？

3) 句子状语常放在句首：

Quite honestly, she isn't the sort of person we're looking for. 说实话，她不是我们在找的那种人。

Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪，他考试竟然真的通过了。

Judging from what you say, he ought to succeed. 从你的话里看，他应当能成功。

In conclusion, I'dlike to say how much I've enjoyed staying here. 最后我想说我在这里过得非常愉快。

4) 与上文有密切联系的状语常放在句首：

He promised to come and sure enough he did. 他答应来，果然来了。

It doesn't seem ugly to me;on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful. 我看它似乎并不丑，相反我认为它还相当美。

The traffic was very heavy and as a result I arrived late. 路上车很多，结果我晚到了。

24.5.3　插在主语和谓语之间的状语

1) 有些副词可放在主语或谓语之间（a），或主要动词或表语前面（b）：

a. She quickly finished the letter. 她迅速把信写完。

He carefully began to analyze the problem. 他开始仔细分析这个问题。

Lester immediately approved of this. 莱斯特立即同意了这个意见。

Our parents recently celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. 我们的父母最近庆祝了他们的金婚纪念日。

b. I've only recently begun to learn French. 我最近刚开始学法语。

We'll just stay in tonight. 我们今晚就留在家里。

The train was already moving. 火车已经开动了。

She was still weak after the long illness. 久病之后她身子仍然虚弱。

关于副词的位置可参阅第15.4.1—15.4.3节。

2) 由短语或词组表示的状语也可放在主语和谓语之间：

This, in brief, is the official view of the trade unions. 总之，这是工会的正式看法。

Romeo, believing that Juliet was dead, decided to kill himself. 罗密欧以为朱丽叶死了，决定自杀。

Tom, horrified at what he had done, could not say anything. 汤姆对自己的行为感到震惊，什么话也说不出来。

Your suggestion, to be frank, will only get us into trouble. 你的建议，说实在的，只会给我们找麻烦。

24.5.4　状语从句的位置

1) 和其他状语一样，多数状语从句都放在句子后部（谓语或宾语后面）：

Lanny was worried because he hadn't had any letter from Diana. 莱尼很发愁因为他没接到戴安娜的任何来信。

Look before you leap. （谚）三思而后行。

I always keep candles in the house in case there is a power cut. 我在家里总存些蜡烛以防停电。

We'll go on with the work, whether we can find the necessary tools. 不管能不能找到必要的工具，我们都将继续这项工作。

2) 状语从句有时也放在主句前（这时常有一个逗号把它和主句分开）：

However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷她都去游泳。

As she sang, tears ran down her cheeks. 她唱着唱着，眼泪顺着她的面颊流了下来。

Though times were changed, Bursley was still Bursley. 尽管时代变了，伯斯利还是伯斯利。

Whether we go or whether we stay, the result is the same. 不管我们是去还是留，结果都一样。

3) 在少数情况下，状语从句也可插在主语和谓语之间，特别是它比较短时（例如有词省略时）：

Such things, whether you like it or not, do happen from time to time. 这种事情，不管你喜欢与否，总是时有发生的。

This view, though understandable, is wrong. 这种看法，尽管可以理解，却是错误的。

This thing, if continued, is going to do him irreparable damage. 这件事如果继续下去，将给他造成无法挽回的损害。