高中语法专练：vii. 省去to的动词不定式

vii. 省去to的动词不定式

1. 并列不定式to只用于第一个动词之前，之后的动词前的to要省略。

He asked me to go to his office and help him clean the room.

他请我去他办公室帮助他打扫房间。

2. 在had better, would rather, would rather ... than, rather than, would sooner, would sooner ... than, cannot but, cannot help but, do nothing but, might as well, do nothing besides, do nothing　than (except, save) 等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。

He could do nothing but wander about all day.

除了整天游逛他不能做任何事情。

You might as well try another time.

你还是再尝试一次的好。

They would rather (would sooner, had rather, had sooner) die than give in.

他们宁死不屈。

What else do you like to do besides swim ?

除了游泳你还想干什么？

I cannot help but sleep at such a deep night.

这么深的夜晚我不得不睡觉。

3. 在（一“感”）feel，（二“听”）hear, listen to，（三“使”）have, let, make，（五“看”）look at, see, watch, notice, observe后以不定式作宾补时要省略to；但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略to 。

He made us read English aloud every morning.

他让我们每天早上都大声朗读英语。

She was seen to go out alone at night.

有人看到她夜间独自外出。

4. 当动词help意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略to; 在can't help意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在cannot help but意为“不得不”时，后需接省略to的动词不定式。

Can anyone help me (to) carry the suitcase upstairs.

有人能帮我把箱子扛到楼上去吗？

I can't help work out the problem.

我不能帮助解出这道题目。

On hearing the news, I can't help bursting into tears.

一听到这个消息，我禁不住泪如雨下。

We can't help but respect our teacher.

我们不得不尊敬我们的老师。

5. rather than, sooner than位于句首时，其后的不定式省略to。

Rather than travel by air, he preferred a train on his tour.

他更愿意乘火车旅行，不愿意乘飞机旅行。

Sooner than run the risk of losing more money, he agreed to the plan.

他同意了这个计划而不愿冒失去更多钱的风险。

6. 主语是all, what引导的从句，或者主语受only, the first, one, least或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有do时，作表语的不定式一般省略to。

The least you can do is help up a little.

你能做的就是帮一点忙。

What she did to the matter was keep silent.

对此事她能做的就是保持沉默。

The only thing I can do is go alone.

我唯一能做的事情就是独自去。

All she does is gossip about others.

她做的一切就是搬弄是非。

7. 在以why引导的疑问句中不用to。

Why worry about such a problem?

为什么担心这么一个问题呢？

Why not do it right now?

为什么不马上做呢？

专项练习

1. I'd rather lose the game _______.

A. not to hurt him

B. not hurt him

C. than to hurt him

D. than hurt him

2. Has he any other choice but _______ as you have told him?

A. to do

B. do

C. doing

D. he'll do

3. Tom did nothing else but _______ back all he owned.

A. taken

B. took

C. taking

D. take

4. All the people in the hall couldn't but _______ , hearing such an absurd story.

A. to laugh

B. laugh

C. laughing

D. to laughing

5. —You should have thanked her before you left.

—I meant _______ , but when I was leaving I couldn't find her anywhere.

A. to do

B. to

C. doing

D. doing so

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