演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:如何拯救下沉的城市，希望你会喜欢！
[演讲者及介绍]KotchakornVoraakhom
Voraakhom是一名景观设计师，致力于建造绿色公共空间来应对气候变化。
[演讲主题]如何将下沉的城市改造成抗洪基地
[中英文字幕]
翻译者 Rong Fan 校对者 Conway Ye
00:14
At this very moment, with every breath wetake, major delta cities across the globe are sinking, including New York,London, Tokyo, Shanghai, New Orleans, and as well as my city, Bangkok. Here isthe usual version of climate change. This is mine. Nothing much, just acrocodile on the street.
此时此刻，我们每呼吸一口气，全球主要港口城市都下沉一点点，包括纽约、伦敦、东京、上海、新奥尔良和我的城市曼谷。这是气候变化最常见的版本。而这是我所看见的。这也没什么，就是一条鳄鱼出现在了大街上。
00:46
(Laughter)
（笑声）
00:47
This is an urgent impact of climate change:over sinking cities. Here, you can see the urbanization of Bangkok, growing inevery direction, shifting from porous, agricultural land -- the land that canbreathe and absorb water -- to a concrete jungle. This is what parts of it looklike after 30 minutes of rainfall. And every time it rains, I wish my car couldturn into a boat. This land has no room for water. It has lost its absorbentcapacity.
这是气候变化带来的一个严重结果：我们的城市正在沉陷。你可以看到曼谷的城区正在向四周扩大，从蓬松的耕地，能够呼吸空气和雨水的土地，变成了水泥的丛林。这就是在三十分钟的降雨后城市中部分地区的掠影，每次下雨，我都希望我的车能变成一艘小船。这片土地已经水饱和了，失去了吸水的能力。
01:34
The reality of Bangkok's metropolitanregion is a city of 15 million people living, working and commuting on top of ashifting, muddy river delta. Bangkok is sinking more than one centimeter peryear, which is four times faster than the rate of predicted sea level rise. Andwe could be below sea level by 2030, which will be here too soon.
曼谷这座大都会城市汇集了一千五百万人，他们工作、生活和通勤在这个会移动的和布满淤泥的河岸上。曼谷每年都会下沉超过1厘米。这比海平面上升的速度高出了4倍。到2030年，这座城市可能会低于海平面，没有多少时间了。
02:13
There is no coincidence that I am here as alandscape architect. As a child, I grew up in a row house next to the busy roadalways filled with traffic. In front of my house, there was a concrete parkinglot, and that was my playground. The only living creature I would find, and hadfun with, were these sneaky little plants trying to grow through the crack ofthe concrete pavement. My favorite game with friends was to dig a bigger andbigger hole through this crack to let this little plant creep out -- sneak outmore and more. And yes, landscape architecture gives me the opportunity tocontinue my cracking ambition --
作为景观设计师，我站在这里并不是偶然。小时候，我在一个繁忙公路旁的排屋长大。在屋子的前面，有一个水泥地的停车场，那里是我的游乐场。我能发现的唯一生物，也是非常喜欢的，就是在水泥地裂缝中悄悄生长的那些小小的绿色植物。我和朋友们最喜欢的游戏就是在这些裂缝中挖一个更大的坑，让这些小植物能够生长，不断地爬出来。是的，景观设计使我能够有机会 继续实现我远大的目标，
03:14
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:16
to connect this concrete land back tonature.
将水泥地与大自然融为一体。
03:22
Before, Thais -- my people -- we wereadapted to the cycle of the wet and dry season, and you could call usamphibious.
以前，我们泰国人适应了干湿交替的季节变换。你可以说我们是水陆两栖。
03:35
(Laughter)
（笑声）
03:36
We lived both on land and on water. We wereadapted to both. And flooding was a happy event, when the water fertilized ourland. But now, flooding means ... disaster.
我们可以在陆地上和水上生活，两种环境都可以适应。洪水是一件令人开心的事情，因为水能够滋养土地。但现在，洪涝却意味着——灾难。
03:55
In 2011, Thailand was hit by the mostdamaging and the most expensive flood disaster in our history. Flooding hasturned central Thailand into an enormous lake. Here, you can see the scale ofthe flood in the center of the image, to the scale of Bangkok, outlined inyellow. The water was overflowing from the north, making its way across severalprovinces. Millions of my people, including me and my family, were displacedand homeless. Some had to escape the city. Many were terrified of losing theirhome and their belongings, so they stayed back in the flood with no electricityand clean water.
在2011年，泰国历经了一场史上最严重，也是经济损失最大的洪涝灾害。这让泰国中心地区变成了一个巨大的湖泊。你可以在图片中央看到这场洪水的规模，黄线标出的是曼谷地区。洪水从北部地区开始蔓延至好几个省区。数百万泰国人民，包括我和我的家人都无家可归。有些人不得不逃离城市。很多人都害怕失去他们的房子和财产，所以他们留了下来，忍受着没有电和纯净水的日子。
04:56
For me, this flood reflects clearly thatour modern infrastructure, and especially our notion of fighting flood withconcrete, had made us so extremely vulnerable to the climate uncertainty. Butin the heart of this disaster, I found my calling. I cannot just sit and waitas my city continues to sink. The city needed me, and I had the ability to fixthis problem.
与我而言，这场洪水清晰地反映了我们的现代基础设施，特别是我们用水泥建筑来抵御洪水的想法，已经让我们在变化多端的气候面前显得相当脆弱。但也是在这场灾难中，我发现了自己的使命。我不能眼睁睁地看着我的城市下沉。我的城市需要我，而我也有能力解决这一问题。
05:35
Six years ago, I started my project. Myteams and I won the design competition for Chulalongkorn Centenary Park. Thiswas the big, bold mission of the first university in Thailand for celebratingits hundredth anniversary by giving this piece of land as a public park to ourcity. Having a park sounds very normal to many other cities, but not inBangkok, which has one of the lowest public green space per capita amongmegacities in Asia. Our project's become the first new public park in almost 30years. The 11-acre park -- a big green crack at the heart of Bangkok -- openedjust last year.
六年前，我开始了我的项目。我和我的团队赢得了一个抗洪公园的设计比赛，这是为泰国第一所大学的百年校庆而开启的一项大胆而艰巨的任务，把这片土地变成一座城市公园。在其他城市，有城市公园是一个很正常的事情，但曼谷却不同，它是亚洲的超大型城市中人均公共绿色面积最低的城市之一。我们的项目成为了30年里第一个城市公园。这个11英亩的公园——宛如曼谷中心的一道巨大绿色裂缝——在去年向公众开放了。
06:39
(Applause and cheers)
（掌声和欢呼声）
06:40
Thank you.
谢谢！
06:42
(Applause)
（掌声）
06:46
For four years, we have pushed throughcountless meetings to convince and never give up to convincing that this parkisn't just for beautification or recreation: it must help the city deal withwater, it must help the city confront climate change.
四年中，我们开了无数次会议，以努力确保这座公园不仅仅是为了美化或娱乐，它必须能够帮助城市抗洪，必须能够帮助城市抵御气候变化。
07:06
And here is how it works. Bangkok is a flatcity, so we harnessed the power of gravity by inclining the whole park tocollect every drop of rain. The gravity force pulls down the runoff from thehighest point to the lowest point. This park has three main elements that workas one system. The first -- the green roof. This is the biggest green roof inThailand, with the rainwater tanks and museum underneath. In the dry season,the collected rain can be used to water the park for up to a month. The runoffon the green roof then falls through wetlands with the native water plants thatcan help filter and help clean water. And at the lower end, the retention pondcollects all of the water.
这个公园是这样运作的。曼谷位于平原上，因此我们让整个公园倾斜，来利用地吸引力收集雨水。重力作用迫使雨水从最高点流向最低点。公园的这个排水系统由三个主要部分构成。第一个，绿色的屋顶。这是泰国最大的绿色屋顶，有雨水收集器和地下博物馆。在干燥的季节里，收集的雨水可以灌溉公园一个月。绿色屋顶的雨水流过湿地区域，那里的水生植物能够过滤和净化水源。在地势低洼的另一端，蓄水池塘收集所有的雨水。
08:10
At this pond, there are water bikes. Peoplecan pedal and help clean water. Their exercise becomes an active part of thepark water system. When life gives you a flood, you have fun with the water.
在池塘里，有脚踏船。人们可以通过踩脚踏船来清洁池水。这些活动成为了公园水系统的一个活跃部分。如果生活给你洪水，你就在水中嬉戏。
08:30
(Laughter)
（笑声）
08:33
Centenary Park gives room for people androom for water, which is exactly what we and our cities need. This is anamphibious design. This park is not about getting rid of flood. It's aboutcreating a way to live with it. And not a single drop of rain is wasted in thispark. This park can hold and collect a million gallons of water.
这座纪念公园给了人和水空间，这正是我们和城市所需要的。这是一个水陆融合的设计。这座公园的用途并不在于消除洪水，而在于创造一种与雨水共生的方式。在这座公园里，没有一滴雨水会被浪费掉。它可以容纳一百万加仑的雨水。
09:09
(Applause)
(掌声)
09:10
Thank you.
谢谢。
09:12
(Applause)
（掌声）
09:16
Every given project, for me, is anopportunity to create more green cracks through this concrete jungle by usinglandscape architecture as a solution, like turning this concrete roof into anurban farm, which can help absorb rain; reduce urban heat island and grow foodin the middle of the city; reuse the abandoned concrete structure to become agreen pedestrian bridge; and another flood-proof park at Thammasat University,which nearly completes the biggest green roof on an academic campus yet inSoutheast Asia.
对我来说，每一个项目都是在水泥丛林中创造绿色裂缝的机会，用景观设计作为解决方案，就像把这个水泥屋顶变为城市农场，能够吸纳雨水，减少气候热岛效应，并在城市中央种植粮食；再利用废弃钢筋结构来建造绿色步行桥；位于福井大学的另一座抗洪公园几乎是整个东南亚地区最大的校园绿色屋顶。
10:07
Severe flooding is our new normal, puttingthe southeast Asian region -- the region with the most coastline -- at extremerisk. Creating a park is just one solution. The awareness of climate changemeans we, in every profession we are involved, are increasingly obligated tounderstand the climate risk and put whatever we are working on as part of thesolution. Because if our cities continue the way they are now, a similarcatastrophe will happen again ... and again.
严重洪涝已成为日常，这让东南亚地区，世界上拥有最长海岸线的地区，陷入了危险之中。建造公园只是一个解决方案。对气候变化的意识意味着来自各行各业的我们，都有更多义务去了解气候变化的风险，并在我们的工作中寻找解决方案。因为如果我们的城市像这样继续下沉，灾难会不断地重复上演。
11:02
Creating a solution in these sinking citiesis like making the impossible possible. And for that, I would like to share oneword that I always keep in mind, that is, "tangjai." The literaltranslation for "tang" is "to firmly stand," and"jai" means "heart." Firmly stand your heart at your goal.In Thai language, when you commit to do something, you put tangjai in front ofyour word, so your heart will be in your action. No matter how rough the path,how big the crack, you push through to your goal, because that's where yourheart is.
在下陷的城市里创造一个解决方案，就如同把不可能变为可能。为此，我想分享我始终铭记在心的一个词，那就是 "tangjai"。“tang”可以翻译成“坚决支持”，“jai”的意思是“心”。坚持你心中的目标。在泰语中，当你心无旁骛地做某件事的时候，就在你说的话前加上“tangjai”，这样一来你就能够心有所向，言行一致。无论路途多么艰难，裂缝多么巨大，你会都向着目标不断前行，因为那是你心之向往。
12:05
And yes, Thailand is home. This land is myonly home, and that's where I firmly stand my heart. Where do you stand yours?
是的，泰国是我的家。这片土地是我唯一的家，它是我所坚持的心中目标。你心中的目标又是什么呢？
12:22
Thank you.
谢谢。
12:23
(Applause)
（掌声）
12:24
Thank you.
谢谢。
12:26
Kòp kun ka.
（泰语）谢谢。
12:27
(Applause and cheers)
（掌声和欢呼声）
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