演讲MP3+双语文稿:你知道你在呼吸怎样的空气吗？

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听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:你知道你在呼吸怎样的空气吗？，希望你会喜欢！

【演讲者及介绍】Romain Lacombe

罗曼·拉科姆，环境企业家，发明家，创造了实时跟踪和预测空气质量水平的技术。

【演讲主题】个人空气质量追踪器，让你知道你在呼吸什么

【中英文字幕】

翻译者Buyun Ping 校对者Lipeng Chen

00:13

So for the past 12 years, I've beenobsessed with this idea that climate change is an information issue thatcomputers will help us fight. I went from data science to climate policyresearch, from tech to public service, in pursuit of better data to avoid the wastedenergy, resources, opportunities that lead to runaway carbon emissions. Untilone day, running in the streets with a friend, it hit me: the same cars,factories, power plants whose emissions are wrecking our climate over time alsorelease harmful, local pollutants that threaten our health right here and rightnow. All this time I'd focused on the long-term environmental risk when Ishould have been up in arms about the immediate health impact of pollutants inthe air.

在过去的12年中，有一个想法一直在我脑海中挥之不去：气候变化是一个事关信息的问题，而电脑会帮我们解决这个问题。我从数据科学转向气候政策研究，又从科技转向公共服务，只为了追求更好的数据，以避免因浪费能源、资源和机会导致的碳排放失控。直到某一天，当我和朋友一起在街上跑步时，我突然想到：那些汽车、工厂、发电厂，长期来看，它们排放的废气正在破坏我们的气候，同时它们还在当地排放有毒污染物，此时此刻，正威胁着我们的健康。我一直专注于长期环境威胁，但我真正应该反对的却是空气中那些 会立刻损害健康的污染物。

01:01

Air pollution is a burning public healthcrisis. It kills seven million people every year, it costs five trilliondollars to the world economy and, worst, it robs us of our most precious gift,the years in our lives: six months of life expectancy in my hometown of Paris andup to three, four, five years in parts of India and China. And in the US, morepeople die from car exhaust than from car accidents.

空气污染是一项非常严重的公共健康危机。每年7百万人因此而丧生，它对世界经济造成了 50亿美元的损失，更糟糕的是，它会削减对我们至关重要的东西，我们的寿命长度：它使得我家乡巴黎的人均寿命缩短6个月，使得印度和中国部分地区的人均寿命最高缩短3到5年。而在美国，汽车尾气造成的死亡人数甚至高于交通事故。

01:30

So how do we protect ourselves frompollution? The reason it's difficult is an information gap. We simply lack thedata to understand our exposure. And that's because the way we monitor airquality today is designed not to help people breathe but to help governmentsgovern. Most major cities operate networks of air-quality monitoring stationslike this one in London, to decide when to cut traffic or when to shut downfactories. And these machines are like the computers from the '60s that filledentire rooms. They're incredibly precise but incredibly large, heavy, costly --so much that you can only deploy just a few of them, and they cannot move. Soto governments, air pollution looks like this. But for the rest of us, airquality looks like this. It changes all the time: hour by hour, street bystreet, up to eight times within a single city block. And even more from indoorto outdoor. So unless you happen to be walking right next to one of thosestations, they just cannot tell you what you breathe.

那么，我们该如何保护自己远离污染呢？我们之所以很难保护自己，是因为信息缺失。我们缺少关于周围环境的信息。因为现在空气质量监测系统的目的并非保证人们的呼吸质量，而是帮助政府进行监管。大多数城市都有空气质量监测站，就像伦敦的这个，用来决定在什么时候进行交通管制，或是让工厂停工。这些机器就像是60年代的电脑，能占据整个房间。它们非常精准，但是体积庞大，十分笨重，价格昂贵——因为这些原因，你只能部署有限的几台，而且无法灵活的移动它们。所以在政府眼中，空气污染只是屏幕上的几个点，但对于其他人而言，空气污染到处都是。空气质量时刻都在变化：每个小时，每条街道，在一个街区中变化就有八次之多。如果你算上市内和户外，变化次数就更多了。除非你正好走过一个监测站，不然你无法得知自己呼吸的空气质量。

02:32

So what would environmental protection looklike if it was designed for the age of the smartphone? So for the past threeyears, my team and I have been building a technology that helps you know whatyou breathe and fits in your hand. Flow is a personal air-quality tracker thatyou can wear with you on a backpack, a bike, a stroller. It's packed withminiature sensors that monitor the most important pollutants in the air aroundyou, like nitrogen oxides, the exhaust gas from cars, or particulate matterthat gets into your bloodstream and creates strokes and heart issues. Orvolatile organic compounds, the thousands of chemicals in everyday productsthat we end up breathing. And that makes this data actionable and helps youunderstand what you're breathing by telling you where and when you've beenexposed to poor air quality, and that way you can make informed decisions totake action against pollution.

如果它被设计用于智能手机，环境保护会变成什么样呢? 在过去的3年中，我和我的团队研发了一项技术，通过一台手持设备来帮助你们了解当前的空气质量。Flow是一款个人空气追踪器，你可以把它放在包上，自行车上或是婴儿推车上。它内置微型传感器，能够监测你周围空气中最大的污染物，例如，氮氧化物，也就是汽车尾气的主要成分，或是能够进入你血液造成中风和心脏疾病的悬浮颗粒，亦或是挥发性有机化合物，来自日常生活中数以千计的化学产品，最终被我们吸入肺中。上述的原因让这项数值具有实际的参考价值，能够让你了解你呼吸的空气质量，它会提醒何时何地在你周围的空气质量较差，以帮助你做出明智的决定，行动起来，对抗污染。

03:26

You can change the products you use athome, you can find the best route to cycle to work, you can run when pollutionis not peaking and you can find the best park to bring your children out.

你可以更换日常用品，你可以找到一条更好的上班路线，你可以选择污染较轻的时候去跑步，你还可以选择一个空气质量最好的公园带你的孩子游玩。

03:36

Over time you build better habits todecrease your exposure to pollution, and by tracking air quality around them, cyclists,commuters, parents will also contribute to mapping air quality in their city.So we're building more than a device, but a community. And last summer, we sentearly prototypes of our technology to 100 volunteers in London, and togetherthey mapped air quality across 1,000 miles of sidewalk and 20 percent of all ofcentral London. So our goal now is to scale this work around the world, tocrowdsource data so we can map air quality on every street, to build anunprecedented database so scientists can research pollution, and to empowercitizens, civic leaders, policy makers to support clean-air policies forchange. Because this can and must change.

长此以往，你会养成更好的习惯，更少接触污染，不仅如此，通过监测那些骑手、通勤者和父母周围的空气质量，我们也能构建出城市空气质量地图。所以我们不仅仅建造了一个设备，还构建了一个社群。上个夏天，我们在伦敦将原型机分发给100个志愿者，他们的数据合起来，构建出了横跨一千英里街道和伦敦中央20%地区的空气质量图。所以我们现在的目标是把这张地图扩大到全世界，收集大众信息，以采集每一条街道的空气质量信息，来构建一个前所未有的数据库，这样科学家就可以研究污染，同时鼓励市民、民间领袖和政策制定者们来支持清洁空气的政策。因为我们可以，也必须改变空气质量。

04:29

Remember cigarettes in bars? It tookdecades of lung cancer research and second-hand smoking studies, buteventually, we reached a tipping point and we passed smoking-ban laws. We mustreach the same tipping point for air quality and I believe we will. In the pastcouple years alone, governments have fined carmakers record amounts forcheating on emission standards. Cities have passed congestion charges or builtbike lanes -- like Paris that turned this highway, right next to my home, inthe middle of the city, into a waterfront park. And now mayors around the worldare thinking of banning diesel outright by 2025, 2030, 2035. But how muchfaster could we go, how many lives could we save?

你们还记得酒吧里弥漫的烟味吗？人们花费数十年 对肺癌和二手烟进行研究，但最终，我们到达了临界点，通过了禁烟法案。我们必须达到空气质量的临界点，而我相信我们会做到。仅在过去的几年中，政府就对那些不遵守排放标准的汽车制造商征收了罚款。各大城市纷纷征收交通拥堵费，或是建造自行车道——例如巴黎，就把我家旁边，市中心的一条公路，改造成了沿海公园。现在世界各地的市长都在考虑在2025、2030、2035年前逐步完全禁止内燃机。但我们行动能有多快？我们能拯救多少条生命？

05:12

Technology alone will not solve climatechange, nor will it make air pollution disappear overnight. But it can make thequality of our air much more transparent, and if we can empower people to takeaction to improve their own health, then together we can act to bring an end toour pollution.

仅仅靠科技是无法应对气候变化的，它也无法让空气污染在一夜间消失。但它能让空气质量的信息公开透明，并且如果我们能鼓励人们行动起来，改善自己的健康，那么团结起来，我们就能给污染划上句号。

05:31

Thank you very much.

非常感谢。

05:32

(Applause)

（掌声）