演讲MP3+双语文稿:一个“老年痴呆村”
听力课堂TED音频栏目主要包括TED演讲的音频MP3及中英双语文稿，供各位英语爱好者学习使用。本文主要内容为演讲MP3+双语文稿:一个“老年痴呆村”，希望你会喜欢！
【演讲者及介绍】Yvonne van Amerongen
一名职业治疗师和社会工作者。
【演讲主题】重新定义老人护理的 "老年痴呆村"
【中英文字幕】
翻译者Nancy Cai 校对者psjmz mz
00:12
This is the Hogeweyk. It's a neighborhoodin a small town very near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands. There are 27 housesfor six, seven people each. There's a small mall with a restaurant, a pub, asupermarket, a club room. There are streets, alleys, there's a theater. Itactually is a nursing home. A nursing home for people that live with anadvanced dementia and that need 24-7 care and support.
这是Hogeweyk。它是位于荷兰阿姆斯特丹旁边的一个小镇的一个社区。这儿有27所住户，每家有6，7个人，这儿有一个小商场，里面有一个餐厅，一个酒吧，一个超市，和一个娱乐室。这儿有街道和小巷，还有一个剧场。它其实是一个疗养院，为那些患有重度痴呆的人提供24小时的护理和关怀。
00:47
Dementia is a terrible disease, and westill don't have any cure for it. It's getting to be a major problem in theworld, for the people, for the politicians, for the world -- it's getting to bea big problem. We see that we have waiting lists in the nursing homes. Mostpeople that come to the nursing homes with dementia are women. And that's alsobecause women are used to taking care of people, so they can manage to takecare of their husband with dementia, but the other way around is not so easyfor the gentlemen.
痴呆是一个很可怕的疾病，而且我们目前仍然没法治愈它。它正在成为一个全世界的重大问题，给人民，政治家，还有全世界 都带来了很大的问题。我们看到疗养院还有等候名单。大部分来疗养院的痴呆患者都是女性，这也是因为女性很习惯于照顾别人，如果她们的丈夫患了痴呆，她们就可以照顾他们，但反过来对丈夫们就没有那么简单。
01:26
Dementia is a disease that affects thebrain. The brain is confused. People don't know anymore what the time is,what's going on, who people are. They're very confused. And because of thatconfusion, they get to be anxious, depressed, aggressive.
痴呆是一种影响大脑的疾病。患者的大脑变得十分混乱，不知道几点了，发生了什么事，也不认识人。他们变得非常糊涂，还因此变得焦虑，抑郁，和易怒。
01:50
This is a traditional nursing home. Iworked there in 1992. I was a care manager. And we often spoke together aboutthe fact that what we were doing there was not what we wanted for our parents,for our friends, for ourselves. And one day, we said, "When we keep onsaying this, nothing is going to change. We are in charge here. We should dosomething about this, so that we do want to have our parents here."
这是一个传统的疗养院，我1992年的时候在那里工作，我负责照料患者。我们经常会讨论，如果我们的父母、朋友、甚至是自己生病了，我们不会想让他们来这里。有一天，我们意识到，我们只是一直这么说是没用的，在这里我们做主，我们应该做点什么，让这里变成一个我们放心自己父母来的地方。
02:22
We talked about that, and what we saw everyday was that the people that lived in our nursing home were confused abouttheir environment, because what they saw was a hospital-like environment, withdoctors and nurses and paramedics in uniform, and they lived on a ward. Andthey didn't understand why they lived there. And they looked for the place toget away. They looked and hoped to find the door to go home again. And we saidwhat we are doing in this situation is offering these people that already have aconfused brain some more confusion. We were adding confusion to confusion. Andthat was not what these people needed.
我们每天看到的是住在这里的患者 对周边的环境感到迷茫，因为他们看到的是像医院一样的环境，有医生、护士、穿着制服的护理人员，而且他们住在病房里。他们不明白为什么他们住在这里，他们想尽快离开。想要找到那个通往家的门。我们发现，在这种情况下，我们让这些本来就糊涂的人，变得更糊涂了。我们在混乱之上增添混乱，这反而是在帮倒忙。
03:11
These people wanted to have a life, and thehelp, our help, to deal with that dementia. These people wanted to live in anormal house, not in a ward. They wanted to have a normal household, where theywould smell their dinner on the stove in the kitchen. Or be free to go to thekitchen and grab something to eat or drink. That's what these people needed.And that's what we should organize for them.
这些人想要有一个生活，还需要我们帮助他们来面对痴呆。他们想生活在一个正常的房子里，不是病房里。他们想要一个正常的家，想闻到厨房里炉子上飘出的晚饭的香气，或是能自己走到厨房里，拿点什么吃的喝的。这是他们所需要的，也是我们应该给他们提供的。
03:43
And we said we should organize this like athome, so they wouldn't live with a group of 15 or 20 or 30, like in a ward. No,a small group of people, six or seven, family-like. Like living with friends.And we should find a way to select people based on their ideas about life sothat they did have a good chance to become friends, when they lived together.And we interviewed all the families of the residents about "what isimportant for your father," "what's important for your mother,""what is their life like," "what do they want." And wefound seven groups, and we call them lifestyle groups.
我们觉得，为了营造家的氛围，不能让他们十几个或者几十个人住在一起，像在病房一样，他们以6-7个人为团体住在一起，像家一样。就好像和朋友住在一起。我们应该想办法筛选出生活兴趣相同的人，这样他们住在一起的时候能变成好朋友。我们也采访了所有患者的家人，问他们“你的爸爸重视什么？”“你的妈妈重视什么？”“他们的生活是什么样的？”“他们想要什么？”然后我们成立了7个小组，叫做“生活方式小组”。
04:29
And for instance, we found this formallifestyle. In this lifestyle, people have a more formal way of interacting witheach other, a distant way. Their daily rhythm starts later in the day, endslater in the day. Classical music is more heard in this lifestyle group than inother lifestyle groups. And their menu, well, is more French cuisine thantraditional Dutch.
比如，有一个小组的生活方式很正式，在这种生活方式下，大家互相交往的方式都很正式，保持适当的距离。他们每天的生活开始得较晚，结束得也较晚。这个小组的人比别的小组更喜欢听经典音乐。他们更喜欢法国美食，而不是传统的荷兰美食。
04:53
(Laughter)
（笑）
04:55
In contrary to the craftsman lifestyle.That's a very traditional lifestyle, and they get up early in the morning, goto bed early, because they have worked hard their whole life, mostly with theirhands, very often had a very small family business, a small farm, a shop, orlike Mr. B, he was a farmhand. And he told me that he would go to his workevery morning with a paper bag with his lunch and one cigar. That one cigar wasthe only luxury he could afford for himself. And after lunch, he would havethat one cigar. And until the day he died in the Hogeweyk, he was in thislittle shed, every day, after lunch, to smoke his cigar.
另外一种“手艺人”的生活方式则很不同。这是一个很传统的生活方式，他们很早起床，很早睡觉，因为他们一生都在努力工作，通常是用他们的双手为生，他们通常有一个很小的家庭生意，一个小农场，一个小商店。比如B先生，他曾是个农场工人。他告诉我，他每天早上去工作，包里装着午饭，还有一支雪茄。那一支雪茄就是他能负担得起的唯一的奢侈品。吃完午饭，他就抽那支雪茄。一直到他在Hogeweyk去世的那一天，他每天午饭后都在这个小棚子里抽雪茄。
05:47
This is my mother. She's of the culturallifestyle, she's been living in the Hogeweyk six weeks now. And that lifestyleis about traveling, meeting other people, other cultures, interest in arts andmusic. There are more lifestyles. But that's what we talked about, and that'swhat we did.
这是我的母亲，她喜欢文艺的生活方式，她住在Hogeweyk六周了，这种生活方式包括旅行，结识不同的人和不同的文化，探索艺术和音乐。还有更多别的生活方式。这是我们设想的，也是我们最终做到的。
06:09
But that's not life in a house with a groupof people, like-minded people, your own life, your own household. There's morein life, everybody wants fun in life and a meaningful life. We are socialanimals -- we need a social life. And that's what we started. We want to go outof our house and do some shopping, and meet other people. Or go to the pub,have a beer with friends. Or like Mr. W -- he likes to go out every day, see ifthere are nice ladies around.
但是这并不是生活的全部——在自己的房子里，和一群志同道合的人在一起，过自己的生活。生活中还有别的，每个人都要想要有乐趣的生活和有意义的生活，我们都是社会动物，我们需要社交生活。而这就是我们所做的。人们都想出门去，去购物，认识不同的人，或者去酒吧，和朋友一起喝酒。或者像W先生那样——他喜欢每天出门，看看周围有没有漂亮的姑娘。
06:48
(Laughter)
（笑）
06:50
And he's very courteous to them, and hehopes for smiles and he gets them. And he dances with them in the pub. It's afeast every day.
他对她们非常礼貌，他想得到微笑，于是他得到了，他每天都在酒吧里和她们跳舞，每天都是一场盛宴。
06:59
There are people that would rather go tothe restaurant, have a wine with friends, or lunch or dinner with friends andcelebrate life. And my mother, she makes a walk in the park, and sits on abench in the sun, hoping that a passerby will come and sit next to her and havea conversation about life or about the ducks in the pond.
还有的人更愿意和朋友去饭店，喝点红酒，或者和朋友共进午餐或晚餐，庆贺人生。我母亲喜欢在公园里走走，坐在长椅上晒晒太阳，希望一个路人会过来坐在她身旁，和她讨论人生，或者讨论池塘里的鸭子。
07:22
That social life is important. It meansthat you're part of society, that you belong. And that's what we people need.Even if you're living with advanced dementia.
社交生活是很重要的，它意味着你是社会的一份子，人们需要这种归属感，即使患有严重痴呆的人也需要。
07:37
This is what I see from my office window.And one day, I saw a lady coming from one side, and the other lady from theother side, and they met at the corner. And I knew both ladies very well. Ioften saw them walking around outside. And now and then, I tried to have aconversation with them, but their conversation was ... rather hard tounderstand. But I saw them meeting, and I saw them talking, and I saw themgesturing. And they had fun together. And then they said goodbye, and each wenttheir own way. And that's what you want in life, meeting other people and beingpart of society. And that's what I saw happening.
这是从我的办公室窗户看出去的景色，有一天，我看到一位女士从一边走过来，另一位女士从另一边走过来，她们在拐角处碰到了，我跟她们两个都很熟，经常看到她们在外面散步。我会时不时地和她们对话，但是她们的对话——很难理解。但我看到她们碰面、交谈，我看到她们做手势，她们在一起很开心，然后她们互相道别，继续各自行路了。这就是你在生活中想要的，结识不同的人，融入社会。这也是我看到正在发生的，
08:26
The Hogeweyk has become a place wherepeople with very advanced dementia can live, have freedom and safety, becausethe professionals working there and the volunteers working there know how todeal with dementia. And the professionals know how to do their professionalwork in a way that it fits in a natural way in the life of our residents. Andthat means that the management has to provide everything those people need todo their work. It needs a management that dares to do this. To do thingsdifferently than we always have done in a traditional nursing home.
Hogeweyk已经变成了一个 能让患有严重痴呆的人居住，并且感到自由和安全的地方。因为这里的专业人员和志愿者知道如何应对痴呆，这里的专业人员知道如何既完成他们的工作，又不影响患者的正常生活。这意味着管理层需要为他们提供他们工作中需要的一切。这需要一个敢于付诸行动的管理层，敢于在一个传统的疗养院里，用不同寻常的方法做事。
09:10
We see that it works. We think this can bedone everywhere, because this is not for the rich. We've been doing this withthe same budget as any traditional nursing home has in our country. We workonly with the state budget.
我们看到了它是有效的，我们认为这在任何地方都能实现，因为这不是只有富人才能享受的。我们的预算和我们国家每一个传统疗养院都一样，我们只有州政府的财政预算。
09:32
(Applause)
（鼓掌）
09:40
Because it has to do with thinkingdifferent, and looking at the person in front of you and looking at what doesthis person need now. And it's about a smile, it's about thinking different,it's about how you act, and that costs nothing. And there's something else:it's about making choices. It's about making choices what you spend your moneyon. I always say, "Red curtains are as expensive as gray ones."
这需要的是改变思路，看看你面前的人，想想这个人现在需要什么。这需要的是一个微笑，需要的是换一个方式思考，需要的是做出行动，而这些都不需要花钱。还有一点，关乎如何做选择，选择把钱花在什么地方。我经常说，“红窗帘和灰色窗帘一样贵。”
10:16
(Laughter)
（笑）
10:17
It's possible, everywhere.
在任何地方，我们都能做到。
10:21
Thank you.
谢谢！
10:22
(Applause)
（鼓掌）
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