2022年10月20日 天文学家研究有史以来最亮的光爆发的影响
Astronomers have observed the brightest burst of light ever seen, from an event that happened 2.4 billion light-years from Earth. A light year is about 9.4 trillion kilometers.
天文学家从距离地球 24 亿光年的一次事件中观察到了有史以来最亮的光爆发。一光年大约是9.4万亿公里。
The scientists say the burst was probably caused when a black hole formed.
科学家们说，爆炸可能是黑洞形成时引起的。科学家们说，爆炸可能是黑洞形成时引起的。
Gamma rays are among the most intense forms of electromagnetic radiation. The burst was first noted by orbiting telescopes on Sunday. Scientists across the world are continuing to observe its effects.
伽马射线是最强烈的电磁辐射形式之一。周日，轨道望远镜首先注意到了这次爆发。世界各地的科学家正在继续观察它的影响。
Astrophysicist Brendan O'Connor spoke to the French News Agency. He said gamma ray bursts that last hundreds of seconds, as this one did, are thought to be caused when massive stars explode. Such stars are about 30 times the size of the Sun.
天体物理学家布伦丹·奥康纳（Brendan O'Connor）接受了法新社的采访。他说，像这次一样，持续数百秒的伽马射线爆发被认为是由大质量恒星爆炸引起的。这样的恒星大约是太阳大小的 30 倍。
The massive star explosion, called a supernova, results in a massive black hole. A disk of matter forms around the black hole as it falls inside the massive object. Energy is also expelled away from the black hole in a jet. The expelled energy moves at 99.99 percent the speed of light.
巨大的恒星爆炸，称为超新星，会产生一个巨大的黑洞。当黑洞落入大质量物体内部时，会在黑洞周围形成一个物质盘。能量也被喷射出黑洞。排出的能量以 99.99% 的光速移动。
The gamma ray burst released photons carrying a record amount of energy. It affected longwave radio communications in Earth's ionosphere.
伽马射线爆发释放出携带创纪录能量的光子。它影响了地球电离层的长波无线电通信。
"It's really breaking records, both in the amount of photons, and the energy of the photons that are reaching us," said O'Connor. The scientist used infrared instruments on the Gemini South telescope in Chile to take new observations recently.
“无论是光子数量还是到达我们的光子能量，这确实打破了记录，”奥康纳说。这位科学家最近使用智利双子座南方望远镜上的红外仪器进行了新的观测。
"Something this bright, this nearby, is really a once-in-a-century event," he added.
“这么明亮，这么近的地方，真的是百年一遇的事件，”他补充道。
"Gamma ray bursts in general release the same amount of energy that our sun produces over its entire lifetime" in just a few seconds, he noted.
他指出，“伽马射线爆发通常会在短短几秒钟内释放出与太阳在其整个生命周期中产生的能量相同的能量”。
"And this event is the brightest gamma ray burst," O'Conner said.
“这个事件是最亮的伽马射线爆发，”奥康纳说。
The gamma ray burst was first found by telescopes including NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and the Wind spacecraft on Sunday.
伽马射线爆发最早是由包括美国宇航局费米伽马射线太空望远镜、尼尔格勒斯斯威夫特天文台和 Wind 宇宙飞船在内的望远镜在周日发现的。
1.9 billion-year-old movie
19 亿年前的电影
The burst came from the direction of the constellation Sagitta and traveled an estimated 1.9 billion years to reach Earth. That is less than the current distance of its starting point because of the expansion of the universe.
Observing the event now is like watching a 1.9 billion-year-old recording of those events. Astronomers have the rare chance to learn more about black hole formation and other mysteries.
爆发来自人马座的方向，估计行进了 19 亿年才到达地球。由于宇宙的膨胀，这小于其起点的当前距离。
O'Connor works with the University of Maryland and George Washington University. He said he and others will continue watching for the expected signs of supernovas at different wavelengths. The researchers aim to confirm that their theory about the burst's beginnings is correct, and that the event obeys the laws of physics.
现在观察这一事件就像观看这些事件的 19 亿年前的记录。天文学家有难得的机会了解更多关于黑洞形成和其他谜团的信息。
Supernova explosions are also predicted to be responsible for producing heavy elements such as gold, platinum and uranium. Astronomers will also be hunting for those heavy metals.
奥康纳与马里兰大学和乔治华盛顿大学合作。他说他和其他人将继续观察不同波长的超新星的预期迹象。研究人员旨在确认他们关于爆发开始的理论是正确的，并且该事件符合物理定律。超新星爆炸还预计会产生金、铂和铀等重元素。天文学家也将寻找这些重金属。
天文学家从距离地球 24 亿光年的一次事件中观察到了有史以来最亮的光爆发。一光年大约是9.4万亿公里。
The scientists say the burst was probably caused when a black hole formed.
科学家们说，爆炸可能是黑洞形成时引起的。科学家们说，爆炸可能是黑洞形成时引起的。
Gamma rays are among the most intense forms of electromagnetic radiation. The burst was first noted by orbiting telescopes on Sunday. Scientists across the world are continuing to observe its effects.
伽马射线是最强烈的电磁辐射形式之一。周日，轨道望远镜首先注意到了这次爆发。世界各地的科学家正在继续观察它的影响。
Astrophysicist Brendan O'Connor spoke to the French News Agency. He said gamma ray bursts that last hundreds of seconds, as this one did, are thought to be caused when massive stars explode. Such stars are about 30 times the size of the Sun.
天体物理学家布伦丹·奥康纳（Brendan O'Connor）接受了法新社的采访。他说，像这次一样，持续数百秒的伽马射线爆发被认为是由大质量恒星爆炸引起的。这样的恒星大约是太阳大小的 30 倍。
The massive star explosion, called a supernova, results in a massive black hole. A disk of matter forms around the black hole as it falls inside the massive object. Energy is also expelled away from the black hole in a jet. The expelled energy moves at 99.99 percent the speed of light.
巨大的恒星爆炸，称为超新星，会产生一个巨大的黑洞。当黑洞落入大质量物体内部时，会在黑洞周围形成一个物质盘。能量也被喷射出黑洞。排出的能量以 99.99% 的光速移动。
The gamma ray burst released photons carrying a record amount of energy. It affected longwave radio communications in Earth's ionosphere.
伽马射线爆发释放出携带创纪录能量的光子。它影响了地球电离层的长波无线电通信。
"It's really breaking records, both in the amount of photons, and the energy of the photons that are reaching us," said O'Connor. The scientist used infrared instruments on the Gemini South telescope in Chile to take new observations recently.
“无论是光子数量还是到达我们的光子能量，这确实打破了记录，”奥康纳说。这位科学家最近使用智利双子座南方望远镜上的红外仪器进行了新的观测。
"Something this bright, this nearby, is really a once-in-a-century event," he added.
“这么明亮，这么近的地方，真的是百年一遇的事件，”他补充道。
"Gamma ray bursts in general release the same amount of energy that our sun produces over its entire lifetime" in just a few seconds, he noted.
他指出，“伽马射线爆发通常会在短短几秒钟内释放出与太阳在其整个生命周期中产生的能量相同的能量”。
"And this event is the brightest gamma ray burst," O'Conner said.
“这个事件是最亮的伽马射线爆发，”奥康纳说。
The gamma ray burst was first found by telescopes including NASA's Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, and the Wind spacecraft on Sunday.
伽马射线爆发最早是由包括美国宇航局费米伽马射线太空望远镜、尼尔格勒斯斯威夫特天文台和 Wind 宇宙飞船在内的望远镜在周日发现的。
1.9 billion-year-old movie
19 亿年前的电影
The burst came from the direction of the constellation Sagitta and traveled an estimated 1.9 billion years to reach Earth. That is less than the current distance of its starting point because of the expansion of the universe.
Observing the event now is like watching a 1.9 billion-year-old recording of those events. Astronomers have the rare chance to learn more about black hole formation and other mysteries.
爆发来自人马座的方向，估计行进了 19 亿年才到达地球。由于宇宙的膨胀，这小于其起点的当前距离。
O'Connor works with the University of Maryland and George Washington University. He said he and others will continue watching for the expected signs of supernovas at different wavelengths. The researchers aim to confirm that their theory about the burst's beginnings is correct, and that the event obeys the laws of physics.
现在观察这一事件就像观看这些事件的 19 亿年前的记录。天文学家有难得的机会了解更多关于黑洞形成和其他谜团的信息。
Supernova explosions are also predicted to be responsible for producing heavy elements such as gold, platinum and uranium. Astronomers will also be hunting for those heavy metals.
奥康纳与马里兰大学和乔治华盛顿大学合作。他说他和其他人将继续观察不同波长的超新星的预期迹象。研究人员旨在确认他们关于爆发开始的理论是正确的，并且该事件符合物理定律。超新星爆炸还预计会产生金、铂和铀等重元素。天文学家也将寻找这些重金属。
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