国家到底要不要把“体罚儿童”设为禁令？

Should the state ban corporal punishment of children?

国家到底要不要把“体罚儿童”设为禁令？

This chart shows the number of countries and territories that have addressed corporal punishment of children in various venues, such as at home, at school and in penal institutions.

这张图表显示了在家庭、学校和刑事机构等不同场所对儿童实施体罚的国家和地区的数目。

Sentencing is when corporal punishment such as whipping, flogging or amputation is decreed for a child convicted of a crime.

量刑是对被判有罪的儿童处以鞭刑、鞭刑等体罚。

In a story published in October, we looked at a new study on spankingthat found a "fairly robust" association between corporal punishment and youth violence. We also wrote about bans on spanking — Sweden was the first country to prohibit corporal punishment of children, in 1979. Since then, the number of nations that had banned the practice had risen to 54. What's the current status of the campaign to prohibit corporal punishment of children?
在10月份发表的一篇文章中，我们研究了一项关于打屁股的新研究，发现体罚和青少年暴力之间存在“相当强”的联系。我们也写了关于打屁股的禁令——瑞典是第一个禁止体罚儿童的国家，在1979年。从那时起，禁止这种做法的国家已经增加到54个。禁止体罚儿童运动的现状如何?

This year, two more countries have made physical punishment of children illegal in all settings, including at home, with France and Kosovo bringing the total to 56.

今年，又有两个国家将在不同背景下体罚儿童定为非法，包括在国内。法国和科索沃的加入使实施该禁令的国家增加到了56个。

Steps toward prohibition of corporal punishment are also being made in several other countries, according to Tríona Lenihan, advocacy and communications manager of the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment of Children.

特里奥纳勒尼汉说，其他几个国家也在采取措施禁止体罚。他是全球首个提出结束对儿童的所有体罚的倡议和传播经理。

Zimbabwe, for instance, has outlawed sentencing a convicted juvenile to any form of corporal punishment.

例如，津巴布韦已经禁止对被定罪的青少年进行任何形式的体罚。

Other countries are also moving toward prohibition, says Joan Durrant, professor of community health science at the University of Manitoba. A constitutional court in South Africa is weighing the legality of a current law that allows corporal punishment of children. Japan, Scotland, Wales and Italy are also moving in that direction, she says.

曼尼托巴大学社区健康科学教授琼•杜兰特表示，其他国家也在朝着禁止体罚儿童的方向迈进。南非宪法法院正在权衡允许体罚儿童这一现行法律的合法性。她说，日本、苏格兰、威尔士和意大利也在朝着这个方向发展。

But continuing opposition and controversy remain. Both houses of the country's Congress had passed the Positive Discipline Bill — a proposed law that had been first introduced in 2008 and had been debated every year since 2012. The bill calls for banning all forms of physical violence as well as nonphysical abuse that humiliates or degrades.

但持续不断的反对和争议依然存在。美国国会参众两院都通过了“积极纪律法案”，该法案于2008年首次提出，自2012年以来每年都在进行辩论。该法案呼吁禁止一切形式的身体暴力以及羞辱或贬低他人的非有形虐待。

Yet on Feb. 28, President Rodrigo Duterte vetoed it. Among other reasons, he stated, "this bill would allow government to extend its reach into the privacy of the family.” In so doing, the bill transgresses the proper boundaries of State intervention in the life of the family, the sanctity and autonomy of which is recognized by the Constitution."

然而，2月28日，菲律宾总统罗德里戈·杜特尔特否决了该法案。他说，除其他原因外，“这项法案将扩大政府对家庭隐私的影响力。”这样做，该法案违反了国家干预家庭生活的适当界限，而家庭生活的神圣性和自主权是《宪法》所承认的。”

The UNICEF statement said, "Contrary to the impression that the law encroaches on parents' right to discipline their child, this law seeks to promote positive discipline instead of corporal punishment – a severe form of violence against children."

联合国儿童基金会的声明说，“与法律侵犯父母管教孩子的权利的印象相反，这项法律寻求促进积极的纪律，而不是体罚——这是对儿童的一种严重暴力形式。”

"There have been at least 100 studies that show [corporal punishment] has no positive impact on children," says Durrant — only negative ones such as increased aggression, more mental health problems and damaged family relationships.

“至少有100项研究表明(体罚)对孩子没有正面影响，”杜兰说——只有负面影响，如攻击性增加、更多的精神健康问题和家庭关系受损。

And more studies continue to be published. Among the most significant is one that came out in February and showed that the negative impact of spanking and corporal punishment knows no boundaries. The study examined reports from the caregivers of approximately 215,000 3- and 4-year-old children in 62 countries. The finding: Spanking occurred in 43% of the households, and those children who were spanked showed lower levels of emotional and social development and well-being than those who had not.

更多的研究还在继续发表。其中最重要的是今年2月公布的一项研究，它表明打屁股和体罚的负面影响是没有界限的。该研究调查了62个国家约21.5万名3岁和4岁儿童看护人的报告。研究发现:43%的家庭中存在打屁股的现象，那些被打屁股的孩子比那些没有被打屁股的孩子表现出更低的情感、社会发展和幸福感水平。