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2020年是有史以来最热的一年

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2021年01月11日

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2020 Was The Joint Hottest Year On Record

2020年是有史以来最热的一年

Last year was the joint hottest year on record globally, tied with 2016, and the hottest year ever recorded for Europe, according to fresh data released by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S).

根据哥白尼气候变化局(C3S)发布的最新数据,去年是有记录以来全球最热的一年,与2016年并列,也是欧洲有记录以来最热的一年。

Tom Hale

Scientists had previously speculated that 2020 was going to be one of the hottest years on record but it’s just been confirmed by the C3S. The data indicates that 2020 was 0.6°C (1.08°F) warmer than the standard 1981 to 2010 reference period and around 1.25°C (2.25°F) above levels before the industrial revolution.

科学家们此前曾推测,2020年将是有记录以来最热的年份之一,但这一推测刚刚被C3S证实。数据显示,2020年的气温比1981年至2010年的标准参考期高0.6°C(1.08°F),比工业革命前的水平高出约1.25°C(2.25°F)。

While 2020 was on a par with the 2016 record, 2016 was given an extra boost from El Niño, a short-term rising in ocean surface temperature in the tropical Pacific that tends to slightly increase temperatures across the world every two to seven years. 2020, however, did not have this extra advantage – in fact, it was a La Niña year, El Niño's colder counterpart – yet it still managed to rival 2016.

尽管2020年与2016年的记录持平,但2016年受到了厄尔尼诺的额外提振。厄尔尼诺是热带太平洋海洋表面温度的短期上升,往往每2至7年全球温度略有上升。然而,2020年并没有这一额外增势——事实上,2020年是拉尼娜年,与厄尔尼诺相对应的是更冷的厄尔尼诺现象——但它仍能与2016年匹敌。

Last year also saw one of the biggest drops in carbon dioxide emissions since the end of World War Two due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Unfortunately, this is highly unlikely to have any meaningful impact on the state of the planet’s climate crisis in the short or long term. The new C3S satellite data also showed that carbon dioxide concentrations have continued to rise in 2020, albeit at a slightly slower rate than previous years, reaching a concentration of 413.1 parts per million in our atmosphere.

去年也是第二次世界大战结束以来,由于COVID-19大流行,二氧化碳排放量下降幅度最大的一年之一。不幸的是,这在短期或长期内不可能对地球的气候危机状况产生任何有意义的影响。新的C3S卫星数据还显示,2020年二氧化碳浓度继续上升,尽管速度略低于前几年,还是达到了百万分之413.1。

“While carbon dioxide concentrations have risen slightly less in 2020 than in 2019, this is no cause for complacency. Until the net global emissions reduce to zero, CO2 will continue to accumulate in the atmosphere and drive further climate change,” Vincent-Henri Peuch, Director of the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS), explained in a statement.

“尽管2020年的二氧化碳浓度比2019年略有下降,但我们没有理由因此而自满。在全球净排放量减少到零之前,二氧化碳将继续在大气中积累,并导致进一步的气候变化,”哥白尼大气监测服务(CAMS)主任文森特-亨利·珀赫在一份声明中解释说。

The year was one of the worst years on record for the Arctic. Off the back of an exceptionally warm decade, the average annual land-surface air temperature in the Arctic measured between October 2019 and September 2020 was the second-warmest since record-keeping began in 1900. As a result of these temperatures, the Arctic endured the second-lowest Arctic minimum sea ice extent. The Siberian Arctic also experienced a freakishly high number of wildfires, surpassing the record-breaking fire activity seen in 2019.

这是北极有史以来最糟糕的一年之一。在经历了异常温暖的十年之后,2019年10月至2020年9月间北极地表平均年气温是自1900年有记录以来第二高的。由于这些温度,北极经历了第二低的北极最小海冰范围。西伯利亚北极地区也经历了异常高的野火次数,超过了2019年创纪录的火灾活动。

On top of unusually warm temperatures in the northern polar regions, the world also saw a massive uptick in tropical storms in the Atlantic. This year has broken the single-season record for the most named hurricanes in the Atlantic, previously held by the 2005 hurricane season with 28 storms. In fact, that’s so many hurricanes, the World Meteorological Organization exhausted their standard list of alphabetical names for storms and were forced to turn to the Greek alphabet.

除了北极地区异常温暖的气温外,世界上大西洋的热带风暴也大幅增加。今年已经打破了大西洋单季节最多飓风的记录,该记录之前由2005年的飓风季节保持,有28个风暴。事实上,由于飓风太多了,世界气象组织用尽了按字母顺序排列的标准风暴名称列表,不得不改用希腊字母。

"2020 stands out for its exceptional warmth in the Arctic and a record number of tropical storms in the North Atlantic. It is no surprise that the last decade was the warmest on record, and is yet another reminder of the urgency of ambitious emissions reductions to prevent adverse climate impacts in the future,” said Carlo Buontempo, Director of the C3S.

“2020年以北极异常温暖和北大西洋创纪录的热带风暴数量而引人注目。过去10年是有记录以来最热的10年,这并不奇怪,这再次提醒人们,为了防止未来不利的气候影响,有雄心地减少排放的紧迫性,”C3S主任Carlo Buontempo说。


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