中国下令关闭境内朝鲜企业
中国已下令关闭在中国境内运营的朝鲜企业。在联合国(UN)出台新一轮制裁的背景下，中国政府正在加大对朝鲜的压力。
China’s ministry of commerce said in a statement late on Thursday that it was giving North Korean businesses and individuals located in China, as well as joint ventures between Chinese and North Korean companies outside of its borders, 120 days to close up shop.
中国商务部周四晚发布声明称：“朝鲜实体或个人在中国境内设立的中外合资经营企业、中外合作经营企业、外资企业应自联合国安理会第2375号决议通过之日起120天内关闭。中国企业在境外与朝鲜实体或个人设立的合资合作企业亦应按照上述安理会决议要求予以关闭。”
However, the statement did not order Chinese companies in North Korea to cease operations and said certain projects were exempt, “especially non-profit and non-commercial public infrastructure projects”.
然而，这份声明没有命令在朝鲜的中国企业停止经营，并且声称一些项目可以豁免，“尤其是非盈利的、非商业性公用事业基础设施项目”。
The order could damage a vital artery of Pyongyang’s economy, as China accounts for 80-90 per cent of North Korea’s trade.
这一禁令可能会损及朝鲜经济的一大命脉，因为中国占到朝鲜对外贸易的80%至90%。
This month the UN Security Council imposed fresh sanctions on North Korea after it tested its sixth and most powerful nuclear device. As part of the new rules, China on Saturday said it would ban imports of North Korean textiles and reduce oil exports.
在朝鲜进行了其第六次也是威力最大的一次核试验后，联合国安理会(UN Security Council)本月对朝鲜实施了新的制裁。依照这些新的制裁规定，中国上周六表示它将禁止进口朝鲜纺织品并减少对朝石油出口。
The move to shut down North Korean companies is in line with the new sanctions.
关闭朝鲜企业的举措与新制裁措施相符。
“There is nothing surprising or extraordinary about the [ministry of commerce] order, which is completely in line with the text of the UN Security Council resolution,” said Zhao Tong, an expert on North Korea at the Beijing-based Carnegie Tsinghua Centre.
北京清华-卡内基全球政策中心(Carnegie Tsinghua Centre)朝鲜问题专家赵通表示：“(商务部的)命令并不令人意外，也并非不同寻常，完全符合联合国安理会决议内容。”
“The impact, however, is going to be very significant,” he added, noting many North Korean joint ventures, trading companies and even restaurants located in China provide an important source of foreign currency for North Korea in the form of remittances and business links to the outside world.
“但其影响将是巨大的，”他补充称。赵通指出，很多在华的朝鲜合资企业、贸易企业甚至餐厅为朝鲜提供了重要的外汇储备来源(以汇款回国的方式)和与外部世界的商业联系。
For China, he said, the pain would be particularly concentrated in the regions bordering North Korea where many of the business and trading links are concentrated. “Many of these joint ventures provide a significant source of income for local governments,” said Mr Zhao.
他表示，对中国而言，受冲击的将主要是与朝鲜接壤的地区，很多对朝商贸往来都集中在那里。他说：“很多合资企业为当地政府提供了一个重要的收入来源。”
One Chinese businessman who runs a joint venture in Pyongyang told the Financial Times he would wait out the 120 days to see what the “specific situation” was before restructuring his company, hoping for a “glimmer of light”.
一名在平壤经营一家合资企业的中国商人告诉英国《金融时报》，他会到120天后看看“具体情况”如何再重组他的公司，他希望能看到“一线曙光”。
60 per cent of China-North Korea trade is thought to take place via Dandong, a city of 2.4m residents on the Yalu river that borders the reclusive nation.
据信，60%的中朝贸易经由丹东完成。这个拥有240万居民的城市位于鸭绿江边，与那个“隐士王国”毗邻。
“This is a significant moment,” said Kim Byeong-yeon, a professor at Seoul National University and author of Unveiling the North Korean Economy. “The economic impact of this measure will have to be validated later, but it already has symbolic value."
“这是一个重要时刻，”首尔大学(Seoul National University)教授、《揭开朝鲜经济的面纱》(Unveiling the North Korean Economy)一书的作者Kim Byeong-yeon表示，“此举的经济影响要等到以后才能确认，但它的象征意义已然体现出来。”
“If UN sanctions are properly enforced, 80-90 per cent of North Korean exports will decline" he said, although he cautioned that there were many businesses that operated informally and without official registration. “How to enforce these measures will be increasingly difficult.”
“如果联合国制裁得到妥当执行，那么朝鲜80%至90%的出口将会萎缩，”他表示。不过他警告称，很多企业是非正式经营，没有正式注册过。“如何执行这些措施将是一件越来越困难的事情。”
The new measures will worsen relations between North Korea and China, which has taken a softer approach to sanctions than the US, fearing that harsh measures might create a humanitarian disaster on China’s border and mass chaos if the North Korean regime collapsed.
这些新措施将令中朝关系恶化。与美国相比，中国采取了一种较为温和的制裁方式，它担心严厉的制裁若导致朝鲜政权跨代，可能会在中国边境造成人道主义灾难和大规模混乱。
North Korea has seen China’s support for sanctions as a treacherous betrayal of a fellow communist neighbour and has thumbed its nose at Beijing, planning nuclear and other weapons tests on days deliberately designed to embarrass China’s President Xi Jinping.
朝鲜将中国对制裁的支持，视为对同为共产主义国家的邻国的阴险背叛。朝鲜对北京方面嗤之以鼻，故意把核试验和其他武器试验安排在一些会让中国国家主席习近平尴尬的日子。
Additional reporting by Yuan Yang in Beijing
杨缘北京补充报道
