哪些产品可能在贸易战中冲击消费者？
华盛顿——特朗普总统与中国的贸易战即将影响许多消费者。本周，政府将对另外价值160亿美元的中国产品征收10%的关税，使总数达到500亿美元。官员现在正在考虑对另外价值2000亿美元的中国商品征收25%的关税，其中包括许多在第一轮关税中没有涉及的消费品中使用的原材料。
Nearly 400 companies, trade groups and others are descending on Washington this week to testify at six days of hearings before the United States trade representative. While some are speaking out in support of the tariffs, a majority of those testifying are opposed and trying to persuade American trade officials not to tax the Chinese products or materials they depend on. They warn the tariffs could force them to raise prices and potentially destroy their businesses.
本周，近400家公司、贸易团体和其他机构来到华盛顿，在为期六天的美国贸易听证会作证。虽然有些人高声支持关税，但大多数作证者都表示反对，并试图说服美国贸易官员，不要对他们所依赖的中国产品或原材料征税。他们警告，关税可能迫使他们提高价格，并可能破坏他们的业务。
Whether you’re a college student, a parent, an entrepreneur, an outdoor enthusiast or a retiree, the tariffs could ultimately affect the products you covet.
无论你是大学生、父母、企业家、户外运动爱好者还是退休人员，关税最终都会影响你希望购买的产品。
Here are some of the items that the tariffs could hit and that are being discussed at this week’s hearings:
以下是关税可能涉及的一些项目，本周的听证会正在讨论它们：
Sporting Goods 体育用品
Bicycles
自行车
“With operations at this scale we anticipate that the proposed tariffs, if approved at a rate of 25 percent, would result in Trek paying an additional $30 million in tariffs each year. Trek will be forced to pass these costs on to the consumer, raising prices on adult bicycles, kids’ bicycles, components and key bicycle safety equipment like helmets.”
“对于这种规模的生意来说，我们预计，如果批准了提议中25%的关税，将导致Trek每年额外支付3000万美元的关税。Trek将被迫把这些成本转嫁给消费者，提高成人自行车、儿童自行车、部件和头盔等重要自行车安全设备的价格。”
— Written testimony of Robert Burns, Trek ——Trek公司罗伯特·伯恩斯(Robert Burns)的书面证词
No matter your brand preference, the bike you buy in America is most likely made in part or sourced entirely in China. More than 90 percent of complete bikes are sourced from China, and at least 40 percent of imported bike components come from that country.
无论你的品牌偏好如何，你在美国购买的自行车很可能部分在中国制造，或完全来自中国。超过90%的自行车整车来自中国，至少有40%的进口自行车零部件来自该国。
Inflatable Kayaks 充气皮划艇
“Implementing a tariff on our products will not bring jobs to the U.S.A. It will be an added cost of business that will be necessarily passed on to consumers in the form of higher prices, which will hurt sales. Fewer orders means fewer jobs in Port Jefferson, from customer service to warehousing and product development.”
“对我们的产品实施关税不会给美国带来就业机会。这将是额外的业务成本，必然会以更高的价格转嫁给消费者，这将损害销售。订单减少意味着杰斐逊港从客户服务到仓储和产品开发的工作岗位减少。”
— Written testimony of John Hoge, Sea Eagle Boats
——海鹰船公司(Sea Eagle Boats)约翰·霍奇(John Hoge)的书面证词
Many recreational vehicles like boats and trailers rely on Chinese components that the administration has included on its tariff list. Companies like Sea Eagle Boats and Magic Tilt Trailers plan to testify about the levies, saying the extra costs will punish their customers and the United States economy while doing little to hurt China.
许多休闲交通工具，如船只和拖车，都依赖政府已列入关税清单的中国零部件。海鹰船和魔力速度拖车(Magic Tilt Trailers)等公司计划就这些征税作证，称额外成本将令他们的客户和美国经济受害，同时对中国只会造成很小的伤害。
Fitness Trackers 健身追踪器
“Chinese wearables brands Xiaomi and Huawei are already among the top four suppliers of wearables in the world, and are aggressively targeting additional U.S. market share. Unlike U.S. companies, such as Fitbit, that maintain major, U.S.-based research efforts, Chinese companies can survive on razor-thin margins and easily absorb this tariff, potentially with state-backed support.”
“中国可穿戴设备品牌小米和华为已经成为全球四大可穿戴设备供应商之一，并且正积极瞄准更多的美国市场份额。与Fitbit等在国内维持大量研发的美国公司不同，中国企业有潜在的国家支持，可以靠微薄利润生存下来，并轻松负担这一关税。
— Written testimony provided to the trade representative on behalf of Andy Missan, Fitbit ——Fitbit公司的安迪·米森(Andy Missan)向贸易代表提供的书面证词
Many of the wearable devices sold by American companies are either made in China or sold to American consumers by Chinese suppliers. The Trump administration has proposed imposing a tariff on wearable fitness products imported from China, which companies like Fitbit say would force them to raise prices to compensate or cut back on jobs and research and development.
美国公司销售的许多可穿戴设备要么是在中国制造，要么是由中国供应商销售给美国消费者。特朗普政府已经提议对从中国进口的可穿戴健身产品征收关税，像Fitbit这样的公司称，这会迫使他们提高价格，以补偿或者削减就业和研发开支。
Fashion Luxury
时尚奢侈品
Handbags 手袋
“Placing tariffs on products like ours (in particular handbags) that are not at risk for intellectual property theft in manufacturing, and are not related to the China 2025 plan, will only ennoble the bad actors in the Chinese economy who pose a genuine threat to our business via bad faith registrations of our recognized trademarks.”
“我们这样的产品(特别是手袋)在制造业中没有知识产权盗窃的风险，并且与“中国制造2025”计划无关，对其征收关税，只会使中国经济中通过恶意注册我们认可的商标，从而对我们的业务构成真正威胁的不良行为者获利。”
— Written request to testify from Rebecca Minkoff
——瑞贝卡·明可弗(Rebecca Minkoff)的书面证词
Chinese counterfeiting is a huge financial problem for luxury handbag, shoe and other retailers, who collectively lose billions of dollars each year as a result of knockoff versions of their products that are produced in China and sold globally. Companies say the tariffs will simply make their products more expensive to produce and give counterfeiters a bigger leg up in the marketplace.
对于奢侈手袋、鞋履和其他零售商而言，中国的假冒产品是一个巨大的财务问题，在中国生产并在全球范围内销售的仿制品，导致它们每年损失数十亿美元。这些企业表示，关税只会使他们的产品生产成本更高，并使造假者在市场上获得更大优势。
Home and child-care products 家庭和儿童护理产品
Breast Pumps and Car Seats 吸奶器和汽车座椅
“A product marked as originating in China actually reflects manufactured and other inputs coming from the United States and many other countries. Increasing the costs of these inputs will have a negative impact on U.S. juvenile product manufacturers.”
“标记为源自中国的产品实际上包含了来自美国和许多其他国家的生产和其他投入。增加这些投入的成本将对美国的青少年产品制造商产生负面影响。”
— Written request to testify from Kelly Mariotti, Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association
——青少年产品制造商协会的凯莉·马里奥蒂(Kelly Mariotti)的书面证词
Many child-care products — including manual breast pumps, car seats, strollers, play yards, cribs and changing tables — rely on materials from China or are produced in China. Several companies testifying this week say the tariffs will drive up prices, making safety products like car seats too expensive for low-income families.
许多儿童护理产品——包括手动吸奶器、汽车座椅、婴儿车、游戏床、婴儿床和尿布台——都依赖于中国材料或在中国生产。本周作证的几家企业表示，关税将抬高价格，使低收入家庭难以负担汽车座椅等安全产品。
Down Bedding (and Jackets) 羽绒床品(和羽绒服)
“Feathers in significant quantities will come from China because that is where this byproduct is produced. There are no other countries in the world that have the supply needed to satisfy the demand of the U.S. market. A tariff on feathers from China will cause an increase in cost to the U.S. consumer.”
“大量的羽毛来自中国，因为这种副产品就在那里产生。世界上没有其他国家拥有能够满足美国市场所需的供应量。对来自中国的羽毛征收关税将导致美国消费者的负担增加。”
— Written statement provided to the trade representative by the American Down and Feather Council
——美国羽绒和羽毛协会(American Down and Feather Council)向贸易代表提供的书面声明
In 2017, American companies imported 16.4 million kilos of feathers and down. Most of that came from China, whose population is among the biggest consumers of duck and produces approximately 80 percent of the world’s duck and goose feathers.
2017年，美国企业进口羽毛1640万公斤。其中大部分来自中国，中国人是鸭肉的最大消费群体之一，生产了世界上大约80%的鸭毛和鹅毛。
Leather Couches 皮革沙发
“It seems terribly unfair given the fact that there is no leather upholstery business in the U.S. anymore, none. I would like to think that these are not punitive or just arbitrary, because our category seems to be swept up in this crisis for no explicable reason.”
“鉴于美国将不会再有皮革家具产业，因此这似乎非常不公平。我想这些不是惩罚性的，也不是武断的，因为我们的产业似乎在这场危机中被无缘无故地清洗掉了。”
— Testimony of David Mathison, Leather Miracles
——皮革奇迹(Leather Miracles)公司戴维·马西森(David Mathison)的证词
Furniture manufacturers are among the companies that would face tariffs on the materials they import from China, including leather, wood, metal and other components that they rely on for their products. Companies like Leather Miracles, which employs 50 people in North Carolina, say there is no alternate source for the materials they need to continue manufacturing their products and remain in business.
家具制造商从中国进口的原材料也要面临关税，包括皮革、木材、金属和其他产品所依赖的零部件。皮革奇迹公司在北卡罗来纳州拥有50名员工，像它这样的公司表示，他们继续生产并维持业务所需的原材料没有替代来源。
Coffee Makers, Refrigerators and Smoothie Machines 咖啡壶、冰箱和冰沙机
“Imposing additional duties on the subject products would cause disproportionate economic harm to U.S. interests, including small- and medium-size businesses and consumers.”
“对这些产品征收额外关税，将对美国的利益造成不成比例的经济损害，包括中小企业和消费者的利益。”
— Written request to testify on behalf of David Stephenson, SharkNinja ——SharkNinja公司代表戴维·史蒂芬逊(David Stephenson)的书面证词
From vacuums to blenders to French door refrigerators, the appliances we use every day often come from China. Many manufacturers say a 25 percent tariff on the components or finished products they import would require them to pass that on to consumers, resulting in higher prices and lost market share to foreign competitors who do not face similar levies.
从真空吸尘器到搅拌机再到双开门冰箱，我们每天使用的电器通常来自中国。许多制造商表示，对其进口的部件或成品征收25%的关税将令他们把成本转嫁给消费者，从而导致价格上涨，并将市场份额拱手让给无需面临类似征税的外国竞争对手。
