奥巴马下令向阿富汗增兵三万

美国白宫高级官员周二表示，总统奥巴马(Barack Obama)已下达18个月向阿富汗增兵3万的命令，这些兵力最早将从2011年7月开始逐步撤回。

President Barack Obama has ordered an 18-month 'surge' of 30,000 troops into Afghanistan that will begin winding down as soon as July 2011, senior Obama administration officials said Tuesday.

为着手撤离部分部队确定一个明确的最后期限的举措出乎人们意料，肯定会激起政治右派的批评。他们会认为，此举只会鼓励塔利班静候增兵结束。

The move to set a firm deadline to begin the withdrawal of some troops was not expected, and it is sure to inflame critics on the political right who will argue such a step will only encourage the Taliban to wait out the surge.

这些官员表示，总统没有确定撤兵速度，也没有为美国部队在阿任务设定终止日期。这些方面将视一年半后阿富汗的状况及一次新的评估而做出决定。

The president has not decided the pace of those withdrawals or an end date for U.S. troop commitments, the officials said. Those decisions will be made based on conditions in Afghanistan and a fresh assessment after a year and a half.

美军驻阿富汗部队应当会在2010年夏季以前达到满员状态，考虑到后勤方面的困难，这一调兵速度相当之快。这个时间表意味着，美军将投入近10万兵力的驻阿富汗任务，不会像驻阿最高指挥官麦克里斯特尔(Stanley A. McChrystal)将军所要求的那样无限升级。

U.S. forces should be at full strength by the summer of 2010 - an exceedingly fast deployment given the logistical challenges. That timetable suggests the troop commitment, which will take U.S. forces to nearly 100,000, will not be the sort of open-ended increase requested by top U.S. commander Gen. Stanley A. McChrystal.

一位高级官员表示，按照这一强制选项，向阿富汗增派部队的速度超过以前提交给奥巴马的任何选项。

'This force option gets more troops into Afghanistan faster than any option that was previously presented to' Obama, a senior official said.

奥巴马周二晚间在西点美国陆军学院(U.S. Military Academy)发表关键讲话。讲话之前，白宫官员反复强调增调部队的速度，以及在一切顺利的情况下撤回部队的可能速度。他们表示，在这3万兵力中，有两到三个旅将属于作战部队，另外一支旅级规模的部队将执行训练阿富汗军队和警察部队的任务。

Ahead of Obama's high-stakes speech to the U.S. Military Academy here Tuesday evening, administration officials are stressing the speed of the deployments, and the potential speed of withdrawals, if all goes well. Out of the 30,000 troops, two to three brigades will be combat troops, and another brigade-sized force will be dedicated to training Afghan army and police forces, the officials said.

即使作战部队也将与阿富汗安全部队联合行动，以加快安全任务向阿富汗安全部队的交接。这一计划很像2007年美国向伊拉克增兵的行动，当时身为参议员的奥巴马持反对态度。

Even combat troops will be teamed with Afghan security forces in an effort to speed the transfer of security duties to the Afghan security forces. That plan closely mirrors the 'surge' of forces into Iraq in 2007, a surge opposed by then-Sen. Obama.