秋季过敏的原因是什么

If you have seasonal allergies in the fall, you may be wondering what's causing them. While there are many different allergens circulating between the months of August and November, the most common culprit of fall allergies is ragweed (via WebMD). Ragweed is a flowering plant that grows virtually everywhere in the United States, especially in more rural areas of the country.

如果你在秋季有季节性过敏症，你可能想知道是什么引起的。虽然在8月和11月之间有许多不同的过敏原在循环，但最常见的秋季过敏元凶是豚草。豚草是一种开花植物，几乎生长在美国的任何地方，特别是在农村地区。

Although they tend to die after the season is over, just one ragweed plant can release more than one billion grains of pollen, which can travel for hundreds of miles at a time, according to the Asthma and Allergy Foundation of America (AAFA). As a result, more than 75% of people with seasonal allergies are allergic or have reactions to ragweed pollen. Mold is another common source of fall allergies. While mold thrives in damp rooms and basements year-round, mold spores can also be found in damp or wet piles of fallen leaves on the ground, which usually occurs in the middle of autumn.

根据美国哮喘和过敏基金会(AAFA)的说法，尽管豚草往往在季节结束后死亡，但仅仅一株豚草就能释放出超过10亿粒花粉，这些花粉一次可以传播数百英里。因此，超过75%的季节性过敏症患者对豚草花粉过敏或有反应。霉菌是秋季过敏的另一个常见来源。虽然霉菌全年都在潮湿的房间和地下室里繁殖，但霉菌孢子也可以在地面上潮湿或潮湿的落叶堆中找到，这通常发生在秋季中期。

Regardless of the allergen, however, fall allergies can cause a variety of unpleasant symptoms, including sneezing, runny nose, congestion, itchy and watery eyes, coughing, and headaches (via Prevention). That's why it's important to take the necessary precautions to treat your symptoms and keep them at bay.

然而，不管过敏原是什么，秋季过敏都会引起各种不愉快的症状，包括打喷嚏、流鼻涕、充血、眼睛发痒和流泪、咳嗽和头痛。这就是为什么采取必要的预防措施来治疗并控制它们的重要性。

For instance, you can actually make your allergy symptoms worse by dragging allergens into your home after spending time outdoors. "Mold spores and pollen can stick to everything, including hair, skin, and clothing," Dr. Rachna Shah, an allergist and faculty member of Loyola School of Medicine, told Prevention. Fortunately, you can help reduce your risk of tracking allergens into your home by leaving your shoes outside, changing and washing your clothes as soon as you walk in the door, and taking a thorough shower.

例如，你在户外呆了一段时间后，把过敏原带进家里，你的过敏症状实际上会变得更糟。“霉菌孢子和花粉可以粘在任何东西上，包括头发、皮肤和衣服，”洛约拉医学院的过敏症专科医生兼教员拉奇纳·沙阿博士告诉《预防》杂志。幸运的是，你可以把鞋子放在外面，一进门就换衣服，彻底洗个澡，这样可以减少过敏源进入你家的风险。

Although taking these steps can certainly help prevent your allergies from potentially getting worse, they won't do anything to actually treat your symptoms. You can, however, reduce and alleviate your fall allergy symptoms by taking over-the-counter allergy medications, like antihistamines and decongestants. "Many allergy medications are safe and now available over the counter, including nasal steroid sprays like fluticasone and triamcinolone, and the long-acting, non-sedating antihistamines such as loratadine and cetirizine," allergist Dr. Mark Aronica told the Cleveland Clinic. "These medications are generally very good at managing most allergies."

尽管采取这些措施确实可以帮助防止你的过敏症进一步恶化，但它们并不能真正治疗你的症状。然而，你可以通过服用非处方的过敏药物，如抗组胺药和减充血剂，来减少和减轻你的秋季过敏症状。过敏症专家马克·阿罗尼卡博士告诉克利夫兰诊所：“许多过敏症药物是安全的，现在可以在柜台上买到，包括像氟替卡松和曲安奈德这样的鼻类固醇喷雾剂，以及像氯雷他定和西替利嗪这样的长效非镇静抗组胺药。这些药物通常能很好地治疗大多数过敏症。”