预防宿醉最可靠的方法
如果宿醉是你熟悉的经历，那么你可能有自己的治疗宿醉的方法，试图让自己从痛苦的僵尸状态中恢复过来。
However, we have bad news: new research suggests that most of these cures don't have any solid science behind them.
然而，我们有个坏消息:新的研究表明，大多数这些疗法都没有任何可靠的科学依据。
Through a review of 21 placebo-controlled trials that had previously been carried out on a total of 386 participants, the researchers found the scientific evidence for the effectiveness of any so-called hangover cure was dubious at best.
研究人员回顾了此前共对386名参与者进行的21项安慰剂对照试验，发现任何所谓的宿醉疗法的有效性的科学证据充其量只是可能。
In particular, the way that these experiments are run and assessed needs to be improved – with a standardized scale used to weigh up hangover symptoms, for example, rather than relying on self-reporting.
特别是，这些实验的运行和评估方式需要改进——例如，使用标准化的量表来衡量宿醉症状，而不是依赖于自我报告。
"Our study has found that evidence on these hangover remedies is of very low quality and there is a need to provide more rigorous assessment," says epidemiologist Emmert Roberts, from King's College London in the UK.
英国伦敦国王学院的流行病学家Emmert Roberts说:“我们的研究发现，关于这些治疗宿醉的方法的证据质量非常低，有必要提供更严格的评估。”
"For now, the surest way of preventing hangover symptoms is to abstain from alcohol or drink in moderation."
“就目前而言，预防宿醉症状最可靠的方法是戒酒或适度饮酒。”
The 21 studies looked at a variety of hangover cures, including clove extract, red ginseng, Korean pear juice – some of which you may have tried at one time or another.
这21项研究观察了各种宿醉疗法，包括丁香提取物、红参、韩国梨汁——其中一些你可能曾经尝试过。
While hangover symptoms did improve in some cases, the methods used to collect and assess data weren't of a robust enough standard.
虽然在某些情况下，宿醉症状确实有所改善，但用来收集和评估数据的方法还不够可靠。
None of the supposed remedies was tested in more than one study, and none of the reported results have since been independently replicated. Sampling was another problem, with eight studies involving exclusively male participants.
在一项以上的研究中，没有一种所谓的补救措施得到测试，而且报告的结果都没有被重复实验。抽样也有问题，有八项研究的参与者都是男性。
The researchers also noticed considerable differences across the previous studies in terms of the amount of alcohol consumed, and variations in contributing factors like the amount of food eaten beforehand. Improvements in all of these areas might reveal which hangover cures, if any, are actually effective.
研究人员还注意到，之前的研究在酒量方面存在显著差异，以及事先食用的食物量等影响因素的差异。所有这些领域的改进可能会揭示哪些宿醉疗法(如果有的话)实际上是有效的。
"Numerous remedies make claims to be effective against hangover symptoms with many marketed as hangover 'cures'," write the researchers in their published paper. "However up-to-date scientific examination of the literature is lacking."
研究人员在论文中写道：“许多补救措施声称对宿醉症状有效，其中许多药物被称为解酒药。然而，缺乏对文献的最新科学检验。”
While clove extract, tolfenamic acid (a migraine treatment), and vitamin B6-analog pyritinol show the most promise as hangover cures based on this review, the evidence isn't yet strong enough – and further studies will be required to confirm their effectiveness.
根据这篇综述，虽然丁香提取物、托芬那酸(一种偏头痛治疗方法)和维生素 B6 类似物吡硫醇看起来最有希望，但证据还不够充分——还需要进一步的研究来证实它们的有效性。
However it's important to bear in mind the damage that binge drinking can do beyond having a rough time of it the next morning, even down to our essential cognitive processes. Perhaps it's best that the hangover remains as a warning.
然而，重要的是要记住，酗酒不仅会在第二天早上度过一段艰难的时间，甚至还会对我们的基本认知过程造成损害。也许最好将宿醉视作警告。
"Hangover symptoms can cause significant distress and affect people's employment and academic performance," says Roberts.
“宿醉症状会导致严重的痛苦，影响人们的工作和学习表现，”罗伯茨说。
"Given the continuing speculation in the media as to which hangover remedies work or not, the question around the effectiveness of substances that claim to treat or prevent a hangover appears to be one with considerable public interest."
“考虑到媒体一直在猜测哪些宿醉疗法有效，那些声称能治疗或防止宿醉的物质是否有效，似乎是公众相当关心的问题。”
The research has been published in Addiction.
这项研究发表在《上瘾》杂志上。
