04 阅读技巧——精读

04 阅读技巧——精读

精读，也就是仔细阅读的意思，我们要在仔细阅读之后，细细回味，充分理解，找出文章主旨，分析句子结构，探寻作者写作意图，品味文章特色等。平时我们在学习英语课文时，用的都是精读的方法，一方面分析文章中的句子结构学习语法知识，学习生词；另一方面从文章出发体会作者的观点、思想。

采用精读的方法阅读时的步骤大致是：

通读全文，了解文章大意

通常情况下，阅读材料的文章体裁和篇章结构都有规律可以参考。比如说，有标题的文章。通过看标题我们就可以预测文章的主题。新闻报道更是如此，标题通常是文章的中心主旨，我们可以从标题处得到启发，比较准确地预测作者的写作意图。当文章没有标题时，我们可以迅速浏览文章，从整体上来看文章的大概内容，特别要注意的是文章的开头和结尾。这样可以方便快捷地抓住主旨。比如，记叙文和议论文可以用这种方法推测作者的写作意图。

阅读下面的文章，了解其大意。

Travelling Off-Season

London in the summer, NYC at Thanksgiving, Florida during March Break—jetting off to your holiday destination when everyone else is going means guaranteed swarms of tourists, long waits and frayed tempers.Adjusting your trip even by a few weeks can halve the number of sightseers in your midst.Check with a travel agent for advice on off-peak travel to your destination of choice.Who knows, he or she might be able to save you some cash, too.

1.这篇文章主要在写什么？

2.作者想要表达什么？

认识文中的主要单词和句子

这是文章阅读的第二遍，我们可以一边阅读一边标记不认识的单词、词组或者不明白意思的句子，然后在读完之后，把这些单词、句子通过查字典或查资料的方式弄明白。

阅读下面的文章，标出你不认识的单词和句子。

Booking Tickets in Advance

Purchase tickets online before you leave home, and skip the crowds and endless lines at your destination.For fans of NYC, you can prebook passes to the Top of the Rock observation deck, NBC studio tours, the Empire State Building, the 9-11 memorial and the MOMA all from the comfort of home.Smart travelers can also avoid the queue when visiting abroad—the London Eye, Britain's Houses of Parliament, Italy's Vatican Museums, and Paris' Louvre all help you keep your cool with online ticket sales.Buy early and avoid the stress of excessive wait times.

通过字典查找以上单词和句子的意思：

1.加粗单词的意思。

2.斜体句子的意思。

理解全文，概括中心思想

这是文章阅读的第三遍，通过第二遍对生词和生句的解释，我们再通读全文时，对文章的整体又有了一个更加全面的认识。

在阅读的基础上，深层探究文章的中心思想，透过现象看本质，牢牢抓住作者想要表达的思想观点，从而概括出文章的中心思想。

阅读下面的文章，概括中心思想。

Signing Up for Special Tours

If you want to sail by the tourist mob, it's smart to purchase a cultural tour from a specialized company.Often these organizations get after-hours or behind-the-scenes access to famous places.You'll get a guided tour and beat the rush.Is it the only downside? These tours can be costly, but if large crowds routinely ruin your experience, splashing a little extra cash will save your sanity and your ribs from the overzealous pushing and shoving that crowds can create.

本文的中心思想是什么？

分析作者的写作意图

在理解文章内容的基础上，探寻作者的写作思路，分析他的写作意图，反过来更加深了对原文的理解，更好地把握文章的中心思想。

阅读下面的文章，分析作者的写作意图。

Visiting During the Week

Weekends are always busier at popular tourist sites because kids and parents are free from school and work commitments.For shorter lines, fewer people, and better opportunities to interact and enjoy the attraction, stop by during the week.In many cases, you'll have the place all to yourself.To take this tip one step further, and guarantee a further reduction in crowds at your museum, gallery or tourism hot spot, head there after 2pm when visiting school groups will have returned to class.School trips during the week often hit attractions in the morning, but tend to depart in the early afternoon.

作者写作本文的目的是什么？

对文章进行评价

如果读者朋友们在阅读完一篇文章之后可以对它进行有效的评价，那么你的精读水平已经到了最高的层次。对文章的思想、内容和写作方法及特点进行评价，说明了我们对全篇文章的完全理解和领悟。

Sudoku Games

Our free online Sudoku puzzles are popular number-placement games that are fun for the whole family.

The objective of Sudoku online is to fill up a 9×9 grid with digits so that each column, each row, and each of the nine 3×3 sub-grids that compose the grid contains all of the digits from 1 to 9.

Upon beginning, the Sudoku puzzles will contain a partially completed grid, which typically has a unique solution.

To play Sudoku, simply type your entries in the squares.Or, click a square, hold the mouse button down and drag up or down to select a number.As you fill in the squares of the Sudoku puzzle correctly, options for the remaining squares are narrowed and it becomes easier to fill them in.You also have access to our printable Sudoku puzzles, to take the fun with you wherever you go.

Start flexing your mathematical muscles and play our free Sudoku puzzles today!

通过阅读上文，你对文章的评价是：

1.内容上：

2.思想上：

3.写作方法上：

4.本文的特色：

精读练习

运用上述方法阅读下面的文章并回答问题：

5 Ways to Get Your Junior Couch Potato Moving

Our kids are getting too much screen time and not enough play time.Help your kids to get moving so they can become fit and stay healthy.

These days, when kids say they want to play hockey or basketball, they're more likely to be referring to video games than to a visit to the rink or court.

Canadian children spend about five to seven hours in front of a computer or TV each day, notes a 2008 report by Active Healthy Kids Canada.The Toronto-based non-profit group adds that 90% of children fail to achieve 90 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity a day, as recommended by the Public Health Agency of Canada.

It's no surprise then, says Active Healthy Kids Canada, that 26% of Canadian youth—including children as young as three—are now overweight or obese.

Here are some ideas to get your kids away from the screen, off the couch, and into some active habits.

Challenge Them

Turn activities into fun contests.Have kids (or everyone in the family) wear a pedometer to see how many steps they take daily.Children should take about 11,000-13,000 steps per day.You can come up with creative competitions around everything from jumping rope to taking laps around the block on a bike.

Eliminate Shortcuts

There are plenty of ways to incorporate fitness into routine activities.Instead of driving the kids to school, start a “walking school bus,” where children all along the route pick each other up on the way and walk to school in packs.At the mall, take the stairs instead of the escalator, or park in the farthest spot from the mall entrance.“If you celebrate the fact that you got the closest spot, you're sending a message to kids that we should do the least amount of physical activity possible,” says Elio Antunes, COO and VP, Partnerships of Toronto-based Participation Action.

Set an Example

That doesn't just mean going to the gym or playing a sport yourself, but going outside to play with your kids instead of simply ordering them out.“If parents are less active, so are the kids—you have to be a role model,” says Brittany Decker, program director of Silken's Active Kids Movement in Victoria, B.C.

Use the Buddy System

If your child is reluctant to take part in an organized activity, check what their friends are doing, and encourage your child to get involved, too.If kids go to swimming, karate or dance together, they don't feel alone, can support each other, and exert positive peer pressure to keep at it.

Offer Choice Within Structure

If you ask children if they want to go out to play or to the park, what happens if they say no? A better tactic is to make the general activity a given but leave the specifics to your kids, says Michelle Brownrigg, CEO of Active Healthy Kids Canada.She compares it to putting three vegetables on their plate for dinner; you hope they at least eat one.They can play ball at the park, play on the equipment, or invent any game they want; you don't have to forbid what they should be doing, but you do need to give them the opportunities to be active.

1.这篇文章主要在写什么？

2.作者想要表达什么？

3.找出你不认识的单词和句子并翻译。

4.本文的中心思想是？

5.作者写作本文的目的是？

6.你对本文的评价是？

答案

●通读全文，了解文章大意

1.文章主要讲在旅游旺季出行是不可取的，我们可以错开高峰期出行，这样也会带来很多其它方面的好处。

2.作者想要建议大家错开高峰期出行。

●认识文中的主要单词和句子

1.skip 跳过；pass 通行证；queue 长队；Vatican 罗马教廷 Louvre 卢浮宫；excessive 过多的

2.对于纽约爱好者来说，你们可以在家里舒舒服服将岩石观景台、美国全国广播公司工作室之旅、帝国大厦、9·11纪念馆和纽约现代艺术博物馆的通行证全部预订。

●理解全文，概括中心思想

Signing up for special tours is better than travelling with the tourist mob.

●分析作者的写作意图

The writer intends to tell us we can avoid the school groups during weekends when you want to visit popular tourist sites.

●对文章进行评价（仅供参考）

1.内容上：主要是在介绍网络上的数独游戏。

2.思想上：作者热情介绍数独游戏，非常具有号召力。

3.写作方法上：首先提出“数独游戏”这一主题，然后详细介绍数独游戏的一般知识，接着开始按步骤指导我们如何在网络上玩数独游戏。

4.本文的特色：这是一篇说明文，条理清晰，逻辑合理。

●精读练习

1.主要是写怎样让孩子远离沙发，远离游戏和电视。

2.作者想要表达的是：现在孩子们的不良习惯导致了健康问题，希望家长能够帮助孩子们矫正不良习惯，建立良好习惯。

3.（略）

4.养成积极的习惯对于孩子们来说是很有必要的。

5.作者写作本文的目的是为了让家长注意孩子们的健康问题，并给予他们一些具有建设性的意见或建议。

6.本文作者提出的建议在社会上具有很高的现实意义，且作者在写作方法上条理清晰，说服力强。