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卡耐基演讲·五、使声音更有力、更富弹性

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2022年01月12日

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五、使声音更有力、更富弹性

当我们把自己的思想同听众进行沟通的时候,要利用我们的整个的发音器官和身体的其他部分。我们会耸肩、挥动手臂、皱眉、增大音量、改变音调,根据场合与题材或快或慢。不过最好要明白,这都是效果而不是原因。音调的转变调节,其实是受到了我们精神和情绪状态的影响。这就是在演讲前,一定要了解并对题目产生浓厚兴趣的缘故。同时,这也是为什么我们要热切地与听众谈论题目的缘故。When we are really communicating our ideas to our listeners we are making use of many elements of vocal and physical variety. We shrug our shoulders, move our arms, wrinkle our brows, increase our volume, change pitch and inflection, and talk fast or slow as the occasion and the material may dictate. It is well to remember that all these are effects and not causes. The so-called variables, or modulations of tone. are under the direct influence of our mental and emotional state. That is why it is so important that we have a topic we know and a topic we are excited about when we go before an audience. That is why we must be so eager to share that topic with our listeners.

随着年龄的增长,多数人都失去年幼时的纯真和自然,我们不知不觉地落入固定的身体和声音沟通的模式中。说话越来越没有生气,也越来越不肯使用手势,更不去抑扬顿挫地变换音量的高低。一句话,我们失去了存在于真正的交谈里的鲜活和自然。也许我们养成了说话太快或太慢的习惯,同时在遣词造句方面,一不小心就散乱无序。我一再强调要自然,说不定你误以为我会宽恕拙劣的遣词造句,或单调无聊的表达方式。恰恰相反,我要的是自然,是把自己的理念完整地全神投入地表达出来。另一方面,好的演讲家绝不肯承认自己已经不能再吸收新的词汇,再无法丰富意象和措辞,或再无法变化表达的形式,或再不能增强表达的效力。这些都是有志于精益求精的人寻求自我磨炼的砺石。Since most of us lose the spontaneity and naturalness of youth as we grow older, we tend to slip into a definite mold of physical and vocal communication. We find ourselves less ready to use gestures and animation; we rarely raise or lower our voices from one pitch to another, In short, we lose the freshness and spontaneity of true conversation. We may get into the habit of talking too slowly or too rapidly, and our diction, unless carefully watched, tends to become ragged and careless. In this book you have been repeatedly told to act natural, and you may suppose that I therefore condone poor diction or monotonous delivery provided it is natural. On the contrary, I say that we should be natural in the sense that we express our ideas and express them with spirit. On the other hand, every good speaker will not accept himself as incapable of improvement in breadth of vocabulary, richness of imagery and diction, and variety and force of expression. These are areas in which everyone interested in self-improvement will seek to improve.

你最好借助录音机等设备测试一下自己的音量、音调的变化和速度。请朋友评价一下也很有用,如果有专家指点更好。不过,这些都是把听众除外的练习,因此要想象自己是在听众面前讲演,这样的练习会更有效。当你站在听众面前,就要把自己专注于讲演中,集中精力对听众形成心理与感情上的冲击,那么你可以讲得比听众从书本上感受到的更强劲、更有力。It is an excellent idea to evaluate oneself in terms of volume, pitch variation, and pace. This can be done with the aid of a tape recorder. On the other hand, it would be useful to have friends help you make this evaluation. If it is possible to secure expert advice, so much the better. It should be remembered, however, that these are areas for practice away from the audience. To concern yourself with technique when you are before an audience will prove fatal to effectiveness. Once there, pour yourself into your talk, concentrate your whole being on making a mental and emotional impact on your audience, and nine chances out of ten you will speak with more emphasis and force than you could ever get from books.


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