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卡耐基演讲·一、在日常生活中加以运用

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2022年02月10日

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一、在日常生活中加以运用

我们用其中一个技巧来举例说明。在第二章中,我曾建议大家在讲演时加入一些细节,这样可使意念生动形象地展现在听众眼前。这种技巧不仅在当众演讲时很有效,而且在日常交流中也十分重要。想一想自己所熟知的那些幽默家,他们是不是都具备有效使用形象语言的本领?是不是在谈话过程中加入了许多五彩缤纷、富有戏剧性的细节呢?Take just one of these techniques, for instance. Remember in Chapter Four I appealed to you to put detail in your talk. In that way you make your ideas come alive, in a vivid and graphic way. Of course I was thinking mainly of speaking before groups. But isn't the use of detail just as important in everyday conversation? Just think for a moment of the really interesting conversationalists of your acquaintance. Aren't they the ones who fill their talk with colorful, dramatic details, who have the ability to use picturesque speech?

在培养说话技巧以前,必须有充分的自信心,这一点在本书第一章中分加以强调。自信心能给你一种安全感,使你勇于和他人相处,并在非正式的社交场合自由地发表自己的看法。一旦你对表达自己的思想充满了激情,即使在很小的场合,也会努力搜寻自己的经验作为谈资。这样一来,奇迹就发生了——视野变得更加开阔,并且对自己的生命有了新一层的意义。Before you can begin to develop your conversational skills you must have confidence. So almost all that was said in the first three chapters of this book will be useful in giving you the security to mix with others and to voice your opinions in an informal social group. Once you are eager to express your ideas even on a limited scale, you will begin to search your experience for material that can be converted to conversation Here a wonderful thing happens-your horizons begin to expand and you see your life take on new meaning.

家庭主妇们的兴趣往往局限于狭小的天地里,她们一旦在小的社交圈子里用上了谈话的技巧之后,往往会兴奋地汇报自己的新体验:“我发现自己重新获得了信心,它使我有足够的勇气在社交场合站起来发言。”哈特太太在辛辛那提演讲训练班里这样对同学说:“我开始对时事产生了浓厚的兴趣,不再对参加聚会而胆怯。而且我的许多人生体验都成为谈话的材料。我发现自己开始对许多新的社会活动产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Housewives, whose interests may have become somewhat restricted, have been most enthusiastic in reporting what happens when they begin to apply their knowledge of speaking techniques to small conversational groups. "I realize that my newly found confidence gave me courage to speak up at social functions," Mrs. R. D. Hart told her classmates in Cincinnati, "and I began taking an interest in current events. Instead of withdrawing from the give and take of the group I eagerly joined it. Not only that, but everything I did became grist for the conversational mill and I found myself becoming interested in a host of new activities."

哈特太太的体验,对于一位从事语言和交流训练的教育家而言已司空见惯。“学习”和“运用所学”的动力一旦受到刺激,就会开始一连串的行动与交互作用,使人的个性变得活泼开朗起来,并且进入一种良性循环。如同哈特太太所言,只要将本书里的一项原则付诸实施,就能给人带来莫大的充实感。To an educator there is nothing new in Mrs. Hart's grateful report. Once the drive to learn and to apply what has been learned is stimulated, it starts a whole train of action and interaction that vivifies the entire personality. A cycle of achievement is set up and, like Mrs. Hart, one gets the feeling of fulfillment, all through putting into practice just one of the principles taught in this book.

我们中大多数人都不是授业解惑的老师,但是却时时刻刻要用言语来表达自己的思想,譬如父母教训子女,园艺师教授他人修剪玫瑰的新方法,观光客们就最佳的旅行路线彼此交换意见等,在种种说话的场合中,人们需要清晰、连贯地思考,需要强劲有力的表达方式。第三章所讲述的各种技巧同样适用于这些情况。Though few of us are professional teachers, all of us use speech to inform others on many occasions during the day. As parents instructing our children, as neighbors explaining a new method of pruning roses, as tourists exchanging ideas on the best route to follow, we constantly find ourselves in conversational situations that require clarity and coherence of thought, vitality and vigor of expression. What was said in Chapter Eight in relation to the talk to inform is applicable in these situations as well.


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