高考英语语法专项练习之连词和状语从句
[深化认知]
一、并列连词
1.并列连词的分类
(1)并列关系：常用连接词and, as well as, both ... and, neither ... nor, not only ... but (also), not ... but等。
He had plenty of money and he spent it freely.
他有很多钱，他花钱很随便。
Not only did he speak more correctly but (also) he spoke more easily.
他不仅说得更正确了，而且说起来也更容易了。
Neither the students nor the teacher agrees to the plan.
不仅是学生们而且老师也不同意这个计划。
A true man should be practical as well as farsighted.
一个真正的人不仅要有远见，而且还要讲究实际。
(2)转折关系：常用连接词but, however, still, while, yet, whereas等。
He likes pop music, while I am fond of folk music.
他喜欢流行音乐，而我喜欢民间音乐。
(3)选择关系：常用连接词either ... or ..., or, or else, would rather ... than等。
Would you like to leave or would you like to stay?
你愿意离开还是留下来?
(4)因果关系：常用连接词for, so, thus等。
He must have been caught in the rain, for he is wet all over.
他肯定被雨淋了，因为他浑身都湿了。
2.使用并列连词的注意事项
(1)倒装：not only ... but (also) ...在连接并列分句时，如果not only置于句首，其所在的句子要用部分倒装。
Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but (also) medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.
(这个机构)不仅帮助人们找工作而且也为需要的人提供医疗护理。
(2)“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。
Another try, and you will make a success.
再试一次，你就会取得成功。
(3)下列句型中常用并列连词when：
①be about to do sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
②be on the point of doing sth. when ...“正要做某事，这时突然……”
③be doing sth. when ...“正在做某事，这时突然……”
④had done sth. when ...“刚做了某事，这时突然……”
He was walking in the street when he suddenly saw an old man fall off his bike.
他正在街上散步，这时突然看到一位老人从自行车上摔了下来。
He was about to jump into the river when the guide stopped him.
他正要向河里跳这时导游拦住了他。
二、状语从句
(一)时间状语从句
1.when, while, as
(1)when既可引导一个持续动作，也可引导一个短暂动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。
When he knocked at the door, I was working at the table.
他敲门时我正在桌子旁边工作。
(2)从属连词while引导的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
在别人工作时，请别这么大声谈话。
(3)从属连词as可表示从句和主句的两个动作交替进行或同时完成，可译为“一边……(一边……)”或“随着……”。
As speech develops, the child starts to string more words together.
随着语言能力不断发展，孩子开始把更多的词连起来说。
(4)如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作，此时when, while与as可互换使用。
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
当我沿大街行走时，碰巧遇到了我的一个老朋友。
2.表示“刚……就……，一……就……”的常用表达
(1)as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...和once。上述从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常意为“一……就……”。
The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming.
我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。
My mom didn't wait a moment, but came immediately she received my call.
我妈妈未等片刻，而是一接到我的电话就立刻来了。
(2)no sooner ... than ..., hardly/scarcely ... when ...的时态搭配：no sooner与hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。
He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering.
= No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering.
他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。
3.before与since
(1)before表示“还未……就……;不到……就……;……才……;趁……;还没来得及……就……，在……之前”。
She left before I could say a word.
我还没有来得及说话她就离开了。
(2)It will be+一段时间+before ...“多久之后才……”。
It will be three years before I graduate from college.
三年后我才大学毕业。
(3)It won't be long before ...“不久之后就……”。
It will not be long before you regret for what you've done.
不久你就会为你的所作所为后悔的。
(4)It was+一段时间+before ...“过了多久才……”。
It was several days before I realized that David had lied to me.
几天之后我才意识到大卫对我撒谎了。
(5)It is+一段时间+since ...“自从……多久了”。
As is reported, it is 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.
像报道的那样，自从清华大学成立已经有100年了。
4.“每次……;下一次……”的常用表达
every time, each time, next time, the last time, any time等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当……;每次……;下次……”等。
You don't have to go running upstairs every time she rings.
用不着她一来电话你就往楼上跑。
Next time you go shopping, buy a few extra fruits and vegetables.
下次你去买东西，多买点水果蔬菜。
5.till, until和not ...until
(1)until或till表示“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”，此时主句谓语动词是延续性动词，主、从句都为肯定式。这两个词可以换用，但till不可以置于句首，而until可以。
Have you heard the meeting will be put off till/until next Tuesday?
你有没有听说会议将被推迟到下周二?
(2)not ...until表示“某动作直到某时间才开始”，主句谓语动词是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式。
I won't tell the student the answer to the math problem until he has been working on it for more than an hour.
直到这个学生做这道数学题用了一个多小时的时间，我才会告诉他答案。
(二)地点状语从句
1.地点状语从句通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。
A number of high buildings have arisen where there was nothing a year ago but ruins.
很多高楼在以前只有废墟的地方拔地而起。
2.地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。
Where there is a will, there is a way.
有志者事竟成。
(三)条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if, unless (=if ... not除非), so/as long as (只要), in case (万一), on condition that (条件是), suppose/supposing (that) (假设，如果), provided that (如果)等。
He has been granted his freedom on condition that he leaves the country.
他已获准恢复自由，条件是他离开这个国家。
Suppose/Supposing (that) they refuse us, who else can we turn to for help?
假如他们拒绝了我们，我们还可以求助谁?
(四)让步状语从句
1.although/though(尽管，虽然)，even though/even if (即使)。
(2013·四川高考单选)He is so busy. He cannot afford enough time with his son even if he wants to.
他太忙了，尽管他想陪儿子，但是抽不出足够的时间。
2.whether ... or ...(不管……还是……);疑问词+ever(不管……;无论)，如whatever, whoever, whichever, however, whenever, wherever等;no matter+疑问词(不管……;无论……)。
(2013·辽宁高考单选)One can always manage to do more things, no matter how full one's schedule is in life.
一个人总是能够设法做更多的事情，无论他生活中的时间安排得有多满。
3.as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装语序，即从句中表语、状语或动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时要省略冠词。though引导时则可用倒装语序或自然语序。
Intelligent as you are, I suspect you will fail.
尽管你聪明，但我猜想你会失败。
Child as he is, he knows a lot.
尽管他是个孩子，但却懂得很多。
4.从属连词while, when也可以引导让步状语从句，意为“虽然，尽管”。
While I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
虽然我总感觉这次考试我能及格，但是我从来没有想到我会得A。
(五)原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because, as, since (既然), now that, seeing that, considering that (考虑到)。
Since she was indoors, she had not been wearing a coat.
由于她在室内，就没有穿外套。
Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself.
既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。
(六)方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的从属连词有：as, as if/though等。方式状语从句应放在主句之后。其中as if/though引导的从句常用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。
The house was greatly damaged by the truck.We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive.
卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。
The old lady treats the boy as if he were her own son.
这位老太太对待这个男孩就像他是她自己的儿子似的。
(七)结果状语从句
1.引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so ...that ..., such ...that ...。在非正式语体中，由so ...that ..., such ...that ...引导的句子中的that可以省略，注意其结构形式：
so+
such+
He is such a learned person that we admire him very much.
= He is so learned a person that we admire him very much.
他如此有学问，以至于我们非常钦佩他。
It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
天气如此晴朗，以至于我们都想去公园。
He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
他挣这么少的钱，以至于养不起家。
2.当so或such所在的主句主语与结果状语从句中的主语一致时，还可简化为：so/such ...as to ...。
He was so clever a student that he was able to work out all the difficult problems.
= He was so clever a student as to be able to work out all the difficult problems.
他是一名如此聪明的学生，以至于他能够解决所有难题。
(八)目的状语从句
引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：so that, in order that, for fear that, in case (that)/lest等。
1.in order that, so that
两个连词都意为“以便……;为了……”，它们引导的状语从句中常用情态动词。
When the star goes out, he often wears sunglasses so that/in order that nobody/no one can recognize him.
这个明星出门的时候常戴着墨镜，以便没人能认出他。
2.for fear that, in case (that)
引导目的状语从句时，for fear that表示“害怕，担心某事会发生”;in case (that)/lest表示“以防出现某种情况”。
The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father should see him.
那个男孩藏在树后面，以防他父亲看到他。
[典题在线]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2015·广东高考语法填空)One day, the cow was eating grass when it began to rain heavily.
2.(2015·北京高考单选)He is a shy man, but he is not afraid of anything or anyone.
3.(2015·安徽高考单选)Though/Although scientists have learned a lot about the universe, there is much we still don't know.
4.(2015·安徽高考单选)Where he once felt like giving up, he now has the determination to push further and keep on going.
5.(2015·四川高考单选)There is only one more day to go before your favorite music group play live.
6.(2015·江苏高考单选)It is so cold that you can't go outside unless fully covered in thick clothes.
7.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)But the river wasn't changed in a few days or even a few months.
8.(2014·全国卷Ⅱ语法填空)There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed.
9.(2014·天津高考单选)Give me a chance, and I'll give you a wonderful surprise.
10.(2014·北京高考单选)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, so plants can spread to new places.
11.(2014·北京高考单选)Even_though the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit it every year.
12.(2014·江西高考单选)It was the middle of the night when my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game.
13.(2014·四川高考单选)I'll be out for some time. In_case anything important happens, call me up immediately.
14.(2014·浙江高考单选)Cathy had quit her job when her son was born so_that she could stay home and raise her family.
15.(2014·重庆高考单选)Half an hour later, Lucy still couldn't get a taxi where the bus had dropped her.
16.(2013·北京高考单选)Don't turn off the computer before closing all programs, or you could have problems.
17.(2013·陕西高考单选)I have heard a lot of good things about you since I came back from abroad.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2015·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)There the air is clean or the mountains are green.or→and
2.(2015·浙江高考短文改错)If I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.If→Although/Though
3.(2015·四川高考短文改错)In fact, I don't like to go anymore, so I'm afraid I'll lose their friendship.so→but
4.(2014·全国卷Ⅰ短文改错)Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problems. 去掉but或but→yet
5.(2014·大纲卷短文改错)The more friends we have, the more we can learn from one another, but the more pleasure we can share together.but→and
6.(2014·浙江高考短文改错)A passenger realized he couldn't find his ticket but became quite upset.but→and
7.(2014·四川高考短文改错)If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.and→or
8.(2014·陕西高考短文改错)We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.but→and 对点集训即时巩固·提升知能
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1.(2016·包头模拟)—I thought he hated the TV.
—You are right, yet/but he still watches the program.
2.(2016·银川质检)Mr.Smith doesn't go to his usual club, for it is being decorated these days.
3.Try to be friends with your children, and you will really know what they are thinking about.
4.(2016·唐山模拟)We need some more facts and data before we make the final decision.
5.I've always been a writer, but I didn't figure out it was possible until I was in my early thirties.
6.While the numbers of such developments are relatively small, the potential market is large.
7.(2016·郑州质检)Wherever you choose to settle down, you should attempt to fit in with the local people.
8.Keep yourself open so that you can experience the great joy that friendship can bring.
9.Whenever I met her in the office, which was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.
10.You cannot take back your words once they are out of your mouth.
11.Sleeping pills should never be taken except when suggested by a doctor because they will do great harm to people's health.
12.Hard as my brother studied, he wasn't qualified enough for a good university.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1.(2016·哈尔滨模拟)I was about to leave while I found someone trying to steal a man's money.while→when
2.He was hit by the car or was thrown a few meters away.or→and
3.(2016·兰州质检)Rose wanted a job. She went to many offices and she didn't like any of them.and→but
4.Because of I'm on my own, I get to deal with my duties without being told.去掉of
5.(2016·太原检测)It was three days when the missing boy was found in a cave.when→before
6.For another reason, I think it will be more convenient for you to look after your parents but they are getting old.but→as
7.It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before.when→since
8.In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear.unless→until
9.(2016·洛阳模拟)Unless you have any questions, please don't hesitate to contact me.Unless→If
10.What's more, he promised to give me five thousand yuan until summer holidays come.until→when
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·河北五校联考)It happened at a weekend in the 1970's. Mum gave me two tickets for a film, telling me
she was too busy to go together with me with the endless housework. She told me to keep the money 1.if I could sell the extra ticket. I was very happy. At that time, a ticket cost only 20 fen. But to me, a little girl of twelve, 20 fen seemed quite a lot.
I reached the cinema 2.hurriedly (hurry). Holding the ticket in my hand, I began to look for a buyer. Just then a handsome young man, 3.who noticed me and the ticket, came towards me with a big smile, “You've got 4.an extra ticket?”
“Yes，” I nodded，
“That's great. Say how much?”
“20 fen.”
“Oh，” he thought for a while 5.and then took out a tenyuan note from his wallet.
“I'm terribly sorry, 6.but I've only got this note.” Seeing I was confused, he added, “Then how about waiting for a while 7.before/until/till I have changed it in the cinema's store?”
Without much thinking, I agreed. Then we went to the cinema together. He walked very fast. I could hardly keep up with 8.him. Soon he disappeared. I stood there 9.puzzled (puzzle). Suddenly I realized the handsome young fellow 10.had_cheated (cheat) me.
Before long I found that he'd sold the ticket to a little boy. He earned 20 fen, but lost his honor!
