帕克太阳探测器从它的太阳轨道发回图像

帕克太阳探测器从它的太阳轨道发回图像

NASA's Parker Solar Probe launched a year ago on a mission to touch the sun. Since that fiery early morning liftoff with the mission's namesake, Eugene Parker, in attendance, the probe has made two full orbits of the sun, according to NASA.

美国宇航局的帕克太阳探测器于一年前发射，任务是接触太阳。据美国国家航空航天局称，自从与该任务同名的尤金·帕克在泛红的凌晨升空后，这颗探测器已经绕太阳运行了两圈。

Humanity's first mission to a star is also the first mission to be named in honor of a living person. The pioneering astrophysicist, now 92, established a new field of solar research, heliophysics, in the 1950s. He was the first the theorize solar wind, the flow of charged gases from the sun, present in most of the solar system.

人类对一颗恒星的第一个任务也是第一个以活人命名的任务。这位92岁的天体物理学先驱在20世纪50年代创立了一个新的太阳研究领域——太阳物理学。他是第一个提出太阳风理论的人，太阳风是来自太阳的带电气体流，存在于太阳系的大部分区域。

The probe is on a seven-year mission to unlock the mysteries of the sun.

该探测器正执行为期7年的任务，以解开太阳之谜。

As Nicky Fox, director of NASA's Heliophysics Division, said, "one year down, six to go."

正如美国宇航局太阳物理学部门主任尼基·福克斯所说，“一年过去了，还有六年。”

But the first year has already provided scientists with a plethora of data.

但第一年已经为科学家们提供了许多的数据。

"We're very happy," Fox said. "We've managed to bring down at least twice as much data as we originally suspected we'd get from those first two perihelion passes."

“我们很高兴，”福克斯说。“我们已经设法带回了至少两倍于我们最初估计的前两次近日点通行证的数据。”

The observations and data could provide insight about the physics of stars, change what we know about the mysterious corona, increase understanding of solar wind and help improve forecasting of major space weather events. Those events can affect satellites and astronauts as well as the Earth -- including power grids and radiation exposure on airline flights, NASA said.

这些观测和数据可以提供关于恒星物理学的见解，改变我们对神秘日冕的了解，增进对太阳风的了解，并有助于改进对主要太空天气事件的预测。NASA表示，这些事件会影响卫星、宇航员以及地球，包括电网和航空飞行中的辐射暴露。

Solar wind screams past Earth at a million miles per hour, and disturbances can cause disruptive space weather that affects our planet.

太阳风以每小时一百万英里的速度呼啸而过地球，扰动会造成破坏性的太空天气，影响我们的星球。

Surveys by the National Academy of Sciences have estimated that a solar event with no warning could cause $2 trillion in damage in the United States and leave parts of the country without power for a year.

美国国家科学院(National Academy of Sciences)的调查估计，一场没有预警的太阳活动可能给美国造成2万亿美元的损失，并导致美国部分地区停电一年。

The mission's objectives include "tracing the flow of energy that heats and accelerates the sun's corona and solar wind, determining the structure and dynamics of the plasma and magnetic fields at the sources of the solar wind and explore mechanisms that accelerate and transport energetic particles."

该任务的目标包括“追踪加热和加速太阳日冕和太阳风的能量流，确定太阳风来源的等离子体和磁场的结构和动力学，探索加速和输送高能粒子的机制。”

"The data we're seeing from Parker Solar Probe's instruments is showing us details about solar structures and processes that we have never seen before," said project scientist Nour Raouafi of the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory. "Flying close to the Sun -- a very dangerous environment -- is the only way to obtain this data, and the spacecraft is performing with flying colors."

约翰霍普金斯大学应用物理实验室的项目科学家Nour Raouafi说:“我们从帕克太阳探测器的仪器中得到的数据向我们展示了我们从未见过的太阳结构和过程的细节。”“接近太阳飞行——一个非常危险的环境——是获得这些数据的唯一途径，而航天器的表现非常出色。”