无麸质饮食：我们的立场是什么?

无麸质饮食：我们的立场是什么?

Over the past few decades, millions of people around the world have distanced themselves from gluten, eliminating gluten sources from their diets, even if their doctors haven't recommended they do so.

在过去的几十年里，全世界数以百万计的人已经远离麸质，从他们的饮食中消除了麸质来源，即使他们的医生没有建议他们这样做。

The gluten-free diet has a long history of treating people with celiac disease, a digestive disorder in which your body is abnormally sensitive to gluten, a protein component of wheat, rye, barley and crossbreeds of those grains.

无麸质饮食在治疗腹腔疾病方面有着悠久的历史。腹腔疾病是一种消化系统疾病，你的身体对麸质异常敏感。麸质是小麦、黑麦、大麦以及这些谷物的杂交品种的蛋白质成分。

Now, going gluten-free has become something of a nationwide obsession in the United States and is increasing in popularity globally.

现在，在美国，无麸质食品已经成为一种全国性的痴迷，并且在全球范围内越来越受欢迎。

"It is now the most popular diet in Hollywood," said Dr. Alessio Fasano, director of the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital, who has led world-renowned research on gluten.

“这是现在好莱坞最受欢迎的饮食，”马萨诸塞州总医院腹腔研究和治疗中心主任Alessio Fasano博士说，他领导了世界著名的麸质研究。

1940s: The gluten-free diet is discovered

20世纪40年代：无麸质饮食被发现

World War II wreaked havoc across most of Europe. Children became malnourished, with limited access to fruits, vegetables and especially wheat. While that lack weakened the health of most, it seemed to strengthen those with celiac disease.

第二次世界大战在欧洲大部分地区造成了严重破坏。儿童营养不良，水果、蔬菜，尤其是小麦的供应有限。虽然这种缺乏削弱了大多数人的健康，但似乎使患有腹腔疾病的人健康了。

Dr. Willem-Karel Dicke, a Dutch pediatrician, noticed that fewer children with celiac disease were suffering symptoms during wartime than before the war, when the disease had a mortality rate of about 30%, Fasano said.

法萨诺说，荷兰儿科医生威廉-卡雷尔·迪克(Willem-Karel Dicke)注意到，与战前相比，战时患有腹腔疾病的儿童出现症状的人数减少了，当时这种疾病的死亡率约为30%。

1970s: The genetics unfold

20世纪70年代:遗传学的发展

Scientists uncovered that celiac disease could be an autoimmune disorder -- instead of an allergic one -- in the 1970s, Leffler said.

莱弗勒说，科学家们在20世纪70年代首次发现了腹腔疾病可能是自身免疫性疾病而不是过敏性疾病的迹象。

1980s: What is non-celiac gluten sensitivity?

20世纪80年代:什么是非麸质过敏症?

A description of non-celiac gluten sensitivity was originally published in a 1980 paper in the journal Gastroenterology. The paper described eight women who suffered abdominal pain and chronic diarrhea that went away while they were on a gluten-free diet. They had no evidence of celiac disease, based on biopsies. Currently, celiac disease may be diagnosed based on your medical and family history, a physical exam, blood test, genetic test, or a skin or intestinal biopsy.

对非麸质过敏症的描述最初发表在1980年的胃肠病学杂志上。这篇论文描述了8名女性，她们在无麸质饮食期间腹痛和慢性腹泻消失了。根据活组织检查，他们没有腹腔疾病的证据。目前，可以根据您的医疗和家族史、体检、血液测试、基因测试或皮肤或肠道活检来诊断腹腔疾病。

1990s: 'Whenever you look for it, you find it'

20世纪90年代:“只要你去找，你就会找到。”

Fasano, director of the Center for Celiac Research and Treatment at Massachusetts General Hospital, saw many cases of celiac disease early in his career as a pediatric gastroenterologist in Naples, Italy.

法萨诺是马萨诸塞州总医院腹腔研究和治疗中心的主任，他在意大利那不勒斯担任儿科胃肠病专家的职业生涯早期曾见过许多腹腔疾病病例。

When he moved to the US in 1993, he was surprised to hear from both researchers and health care professionals that he wouldn't see as many cases.

当他在1993年搬到美国时，他惊讶地从研究人员和卫生保健专业人士那里得知，他不会看到那么多病例。

"Celiac disease was considered extremely rare, almost nonexisting in the United States, and that was a quite interesting observation given at the same time in Europe, where I was coming from, there was a rampage of epidemics of celiac disease all over," Fasano said.

法萨诺说：“腹腔疾病被认为是极其罕见的，在美国几乎不存在，这是一个相当有趣的观察结果，同时在我的家乡欧洲，腹腔疾病遍及各地，”法萨诺说。

2000s: Gluten gets vilified

21世纪初：麸质被受到诋毁

There was a big study in the United States done by Alessio Fasano that found the prevalence of celiac disease in the United States at around 1%, which was 10 times higher than what people thought it was in the United States before that, said Leffler, of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center.

贝丝以色列女执事医疗中心的莱弗勒说，美国有一项由阿莱西奥·法萨诺(Alessio Fasano)进行的大型研究，发现美国腹腔疾病的患病率约为1%，比之前人们认为的高出10倍。

Fasano's research was published in the journal JAMA Internal Medicine in 2003.

法萨诺的研究发表在2003年的《美国医学会内科杂志》上。

"It really was a critical study," Leffler said.

“这真的是一项批判性研究，”莱弗勒说。

2010s: Gluten-free isn't good for everyone, experts say

2010年代：专家说，无麸质并不是对每个人都有好处

In 2012, singer and actress Miley Cyrus tweeted that she had lost weight due to a gluten-free and lactose-free diet, since she has gluten and lactose allergies, she said in the tweet.

2012年，歌手兼演员麦莉·赛勒斯(Miley Cyrus)在推特上说，由于对麸质和乳糖过敏，她通过无麸质和无乳糖饮食而减肥。

"Gluten is crapppp anyway," she tweeted.

她在推特上写道:“麸质就是垃圾。”

2017: What the future may hold

2017:未来可能会怎样

Fasano hopes the pendulum on gluten's reputation will swing in the opposite direction, from painting gluten as a monster back to depicting it as a simple protein that some can healthily digest and others cannot.

法萨诺希望麸质声誉的钟摆会朝相反的方向摆动，从把麸质描述成怪物，到把它描绘成一种简单的蛋白质，一些人可以健康地消化，而另一些人则不能。