世界下一个伟大望远镜背后的争议

世界下一个伟大望远镜背后的争议

Mauna Kea is a sacred summit, a home of deities. It's also an astronomical Eden where 13 telescopes peer into the heavens with little light or air pollution to obscure the view.

莫纳克亚山是一座神圣的山峰，是众神的家园。它也是一个天文伊甸园，在这里，13架望远镜可以在光线较暗或空气污染没有模糊视野时看到天空。

An artist's rendering shows what the completed Thirty Meter Telescope will look like. (Photo: TMT.org)

Blocking construction

阻止建设

Hawaii Gov. David Ige signed an emergency proclamation to give law enforcement increased authority to manage the situation. He told reports he wouldn't call in National Guard troops and had never considered using tear gas to break up the crowds. CNN reports that 33 people have been arrested for forming a line to block the road. They were given the choice of a citation, but chose to be arrested. They were immediately released.

夏威夷州州长戴维·伊格(David Ige)签署了一项紧急公告，赋予执法部门更大的权力来控制局势。他告诉记者，他不会召集国民警卫队，也从未考虑过使用催泪瓦斯驱散人群。据CNN报道，33人因排队拦路而被捕。他们可以选择引证，但选择被捕。他们立即被释放。

Astrophysicist Avi Loeb, who chairs Harvard University's astronomy department, thinks it's a good compromise. "One thing that you need to keep in mind is that humans can change the system as to compensate for the slightly worse conditions" in Spain, he said. "In the end, it might perform as well or maybe even better."

哈佛大学天文系主任、天体物理学家阿维·勒布认为这是一个很好的妥协。他说:“你需要记住的一件事是，人类可以改变这个系统，以补偿西班牙略差的环境。”“最终，它可能会表现得一样好，甚至更好。”

The long battle for approval

争取批准的长期斗争

Last September, the Board of Land and Natural Resources approved the permit with certain conditions including the dismantling of three current telescopes and no additional telescopes to be built in the future. The board made this ruling after a state judge in July 2017 recommended the state approve the permit. Several Native Hawaiian groups vehemently disapproved of the board's decision, which is why the state's supreme court was asked to weigh in.

去年9月，土地和自然资源委员会批准了该许可，但有一些条件，包括拆除现有的三架望远镜，以及今后不再建造其他望远镜。2017年7月，一名州法官建议该州批准该许可证，随后，该委员会做出了这一裁决。几个夏威夷土著团体强烈反对委员会的决定，这就是为什么州最高法院被要求介入。

Complaints about the university’s stewardship of Mauna Kea are not new. A state audit in 1998 found that little had been done to protect the mountain’s delicate ecosystem or to preserve its historical significance.

对该大学管理莫纳克亚山的抱怨并不新鲜。1998年的一次国家审计发现，在保护这座山脆弱的生态系统或保护其历史意义方面，政府几乎没有采取任何行动。

The stakeholders and their viewpoints

利益相关者及其观点

In hopes of forging a path through the conflict, Ige, who had been silent on the issue, rounded up the divergent viewpoints in May 2015. That included input from the DLNR, the University of Hawaii, TMT officials and the Office of Hawaiian Affairs.

一直对该问题保持沉默的Ige在2015年5月收集了不同的观点，希望能找到一条解决冲突的道路。这包括来自DLNR、夏威夷大学、TMT官员和夏威夷事务办公室的投入。

He also acknowledged that, "In many ways we failed the mountain. Whether you see it from a cultural perspective or from a natural resource perspective, we have not done right by a very special place and we must act immediately to change that."

他也承认，“我们在很多方面辜负了这座山。无论是从文化角度还是从自然资源角度来看，我们都没有在一个非常特殊的地方做出正确的选择，我们必须立即采取行动改变这种状况。”

"Modern astronomy paints much the same picture and has provided an abundance of evidence that we humans are literally cast from the remnants of an ancient supernova (exploring star), creating the atoms that over time coalesced into our planet and bodies.

现代天文学描绘了大致相同的图景，并提供了大量的证据，证明我们人类实际上是由一颗古老超新星(探索恒星)的残骸铸造而成的，这些残骸创造了原子，随着时间的推移，这些原子合并成了我们的星球和身体。

An opportunity also exists for opposing viewpoints to appreciate some common ground — a love of the stars.

相反的观点也有机会欣赏一些共同点——对星星的爱。