气候变化将如何影响你的健康？

气候变化将如何影响你的健康？

A new report from the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change warns of dire consequences if governments don't make "rapid, far-reaching, and unprecedented changes in all aspects of society" to stem global warming. But the planet isn't the only thing at risk as temperatures rise; your health might be in danger, too.

联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(ipcc)的一份新报告警告称，如果各国政府不“在社会各方面做出迅速、深远和前所未有的改变”来遏制全球变暖，将产生可怕的后果。但随着气温升高，地球并不是唯一面临风险的地方;你的健康也可能存在危险。

Here are six ways that climate change might affect you, whether it's insect-borne disease or Type 2 diabetes.

这里有六种气候变化可能影响你的方式，无论是昆虫传播的疾病还是2型糖尿病。

An increase in disease-carrying mosquitoes and ticks

携带疾病的蚊子和蜱虫的增加

Hot and humid climates provide a perfect breeding ground for critters, and experts say that a warming world might put us at greater risk for vector-borne diseases, which are those transmitted by ticks, mosquitoes or other organisms.

炎热潮湿的气候为生物繁殖提供了完美的地方，专家说，全球变暖可能会让我们面临更大的媒介传播疾病的风险，这些疾病是由蜱虫、蚊子或其他生物传播的。

In a 2017 report, the Medical Society Consortium on Climate and Health warned that "mosquitoes that carry diseases like West Nile virus and dengue fever thrive in conditions that are becoming more common, and there is concern that malaria could reemerge in the United States."

在2017年的一份报告中，医学协会气候与健康联合会警告称，“携带西尼罗病毒和登革热等疾病的蚊子在越来越常见的提条件中大量繁殖，人们担心疟疾可能在美国再次出现。”

Contaminated water sources and dangerous bacterial infections

受污染的水源和危险的细菌感染

Extreme weather and rainfall have contributed to the spread of bacterial infections through contaminated water, especially in summer. Warmer temperatures will only make those situations worse.

极端天气和降雨导致细菌感染通过受污染的水传播，特别是在夏季。气温升高只会让这些情况变得更糟。

Dr. Mona Sarfaty, director of the program on climate and health at George Mason University's Center for Climate Change Communication, said that "when increased rainfall leads to flooding, there can be a mixing of stormwater and sewage that leads to bacterial contamination in the water."

乔治梅森大学气候变化传播中心气候与健康项目主任莫娜·萨法蒂博士说，“当降雨量增加导致洪水泛滥时，雨水和污水可能会混合在一起，导致水中出现细菌污染。”

An increase in mental health issues

心理健康问题的增加

Even a modest rise in temperatures is associated with an increase in mental health issues, according to a study published this year that surveyed nearly 2 million US residents. The research, in the journal PNAS, looked at individual cities and found that warming of just 1 degree over five years was linked to a 2% increase in mental health issues.

今年发表的一项调查显示，即使气温小幅上升，也会导致心理健康问题增多。该调查调查了近200万美国居民。发表在《美国国家科学院院刊》(PNAS)上的这项研究对各个城市进行了调查，结果发现，五年内气温仅升高一度，就会导致心理健康问题增加2%。

Using a different approach, the study also found that an increase in average monthly temperatures to over 30 degrees Celsius (86 Fahrenheit), up from an average of 25 to 30, was correlated with a 0.5% increase in mental health issues.

使用一种不同的方法，研究还发现，月平均温度从25到30摄氏度(86华氏度)上升到30摄氏度以上，与心理健康问题增加0.5%相关。

That might seem like a small change, but Nick Obradovich, the study's lead author and a scientist at MIT's Media Lab, noted that those results, if consistent across the country, "would produce approximately 2 million additional individuals reporting mental health difficulties."

这可能看起来是个小变化，但该研究的主要作者、麻省理工学院媒体实验室(MIT‘s Media Lab)的科学家尼克·奥布拉多维奇(Nick Obradovich)指出，如果这些结果在全国范围内一致，“将会有大约200万人报告出心理健康问题”。

An increase in Type 2 diabetes

2型糖尿病的增加

Rising temperatures are associated with an increase in Type 2 diabetes, according to a 2017 study published in the journal BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care. However, researchers looked only at the correlation between temperatures and diabetes, so the study didn't establish that temperatures necessarily caused the disease.

2017年发表在《英国医学杂志开放式糖尿病研究与护理》杂志上的一项研究表明，气温升高与2型糖尿病的增加有关。然而，研究人员只研究了温度和糖尿病之间的关系，所以这项研究并没有确定温度一定会导致糖尿病。

Still, researchers found that diabetes rates increased by about 4% for every 1 degree Celsius of warming in the United States. Worldwide, glucose intolerance rose by 0.17% per degree Celsius of warming.

尽管如此，研究人员发现，美国气温每升高1摄氏度，糖尿病发病率就会增加4%左右。全球范围内，每升温1摄氏度，葡萄糖耐受性上升0.17%。