DIY口罩的最佳材料

Scientists now say they know the best material for DIY face masks.

科学家们表示，现在他们已经知道了DIY口罩的最佳材料。

The coronavirus pandemic has prompted a heated debate over the efficacy of DIY masks made of materials commonly found at home. Now, a new study published in the journal Physics of Fluids on Tuesday claims to have found the optimal homemade mask design.

冠状病毒大流行引发了一场关于自制口罩功效的激烈辩论，自制口罩的材料通常是在家里发现的。现在，周二发表在《流体物理学》杂志上的一项新研究声称，他们找到了最佳的自制口罩设计。

Researchers compared four makeshift face-mask styles, which they considered accessible options for most: a bandanna tied over the nose and mouth; a loosely folded handkerchief; a cone-style commercial mask; and a fitted, sewn mask made of two layers of quilting fabric.

研究人员比较了四种简易口罩样式，他们认为这是大多数人都可以选择的:用头巾绑在鼻子和嘴上;折叠松散的手帕;锥形的商业口罩;以及由两层绗缝布缝制的口罩。

Much to the delight of many an American grandmother, the quilt fabric performed best as a protective shield against respiratory droplets.

令许多美国祖母感到高兴的是，这种棉被织物作为呼吸道飞沫的防护屏障效果最好。

“While there are a few prior studies on the effectiveness of medical-grade equipment, we don’t have a lot of information about the cloth-based coverings that are most accessible to us at present,” said study author Siddhartha Verma, assistant professor at Florida Atlantic University in a statement.

佛罗里达大西洋大学的助教，研究作者Siddhartha Verma在一份声明中说:“虽然之前有一些关于医疗级设备有效性的研究，但我们对目前最容易获得的基于布料的覆盖物没有很多信息。”

With mask-wearing mannequins as human stand-ins, researchers employed a smoke generator with a manual pump to mimic coughs and sneezes. A laser and camera were set up to detect and capture the path of the “respiratory droplets.”

研究人员用戴着口罩的人体模型作为替身，使用带有手动泵的烟雾发生器来模仿咳嗽和打喷嚏。安装了激光和摄像机来探测和捕捉“飞沫”的路径。

Without a mask, droplets from the simulated cough flew more than 8 feet and up to 12. They traveled 3 feet when the bandanna was worn; 15 inches with the folded handkerchief; and 8 inches with the surgical-grade masks.

在没有戴口罩的情况下，模拟咳嗽的飞沫飞出去了8英尺多，最远可达12英尺。带头巾时飞出去了3英尺;使用折叠手帕时是15英寸;外科口罩为8英寸。

The stitched, two-ply quilt mask, however, halted droplets after just 2 and ? inches.

不过，双层绗缝口罩仅在2.5英寸后就阻止了飞沫。

Why quilted? The study suggests that the masks made with quilting fabric fit faces better than loosely tied material. Plus, sturdy two-ply material gives a mask an added layer of protection, other studies have shown.

为什么绗缝?研究表明，用绗缝织物制作的口罩比用松散的材料制作的口罩更适合面部。另外，其他研究表明，坚固的两层材料可以给口罩提供额外的保护。

They also pointed out that a higher thread count was not commensurate with success: The bandanna had the highest thread count of other cloths used, yet was least effective.

他们还指出，并不是线数越高效果越好:在使用的其他布料中，头巾的线数最高，但效果最差。