研究发现，喝低脂牛奶可以延缓衰老过程

研究发现，喝低脂牛奶可以延缓衰老过程

Switching to reduced-fat milk could slow down aging and help you live longer, according to a new study.

一项新的研究表明，改用低脂牛奶可以延缓衰老，延长寿命。

The study revealed that every 1 percent increase in milk fat consumed — drinking 2 percent vs. 1 percent milk — translated to more than four years in additional biological aging.

研究表明，每增加1%的牛奶脂肪摄入——2%脂肪量对比1%脂肪量——就会导致4年多的额外生物衰老。

“It was surprising how strong the difference was,” the study’s lead author, professor Larry Tucker from Brigham Young University said.

研究报告的主要撰写人、杨百翰大学的拉里·塔克教授说:“这种差异之大令人惊讶。”

“If you’re going to drink high-fat milk, you should be aware that doing so is predictive of or related to some significant consequences.”

“如果你要喝高脂肪的牛奶，你应该意识到这样做是对一些重大后果的预测或相关。”

The research, published in the journal Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, analyzed the genes of almost 6,000 US adults.

这项研究发表在《氧化医学与细胞寿命》杂志上，分析了近6000名美国成年人的基因。

Cell stress

细胞压力

Researchers worked out the age of DNA by looking at the length of telomeres, a compound in human chromosomes that get shorter with age.

研究人员通过观察端粒的长度计算出了DNA的年龄。端粒是人类染色体上的一种化合物，随着年龄的增长，端粒会变短。

They believe that the saturated fat in high-fat milk puts stress on a person’s cells, which can cause damage and contribute to the death of tissues in the body.

他们认为，高脂肪牛奶中的饱和脂肪会对人体细胞造成压力，从而导致身体组织的损伤和死亡。

The researchers used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey as well as carrying out questionnaires on 5,834 people.

研究人员使用了国家健康和营养调查的数据，并对5834人进行了问卷调查。

Nearly half of the people in the study consumed milk daily and another quarter consumed milk at least weekly.

研究中近一半的人每天喝牛奶，另有四分之一的人至少每周喝一次。

Just under a third consumed whole milk and another 30 percent reported drinking 2 percent milk. Ten percent reported consuming 1 percent milk and 17 percent drank nonfat milk.

不到三分之一的人喝全脂牛奶，另有30%的人喝2%的牛奶。10%的人喝1%的牛奶，17%的人喝脱脂牛奶。

About 13 percent did not drink cow’s milk at all.

大约13%的人根本不喝牛奶。

Surprisingly, the study also found that people who didn’t drink any milk had shorter telomeres than adults who consumed low-fat milk, meaning they also aged quicker than skimmed milk drinkers.

令人惊讶的是，这项研究还发现，不喝牛奶的人端粒比喝低脂牛奶的人更短，这意味着他们比喝脱脂牛奶的人衰老得更快。

Researchers said for every one percent increase in milk fat consumed, telomeres were 69 base pairs shorter in the adults studied — which works out as the equivalent of four additional years of biological aging.

研究人员表示，在被研究的成年人中，牛奶脂肪每增加1%，端粒就减少69个碱基对，这相当于增加了4年的生物衰老。

Even more significantly, when the study analyzed the extremes of milk drinkers, they discovered that adults who consumed whole milk had telomeres that were 145 molecules shorter than non-fat milk drinkers.

更重要的是，当研究分析了饮用牛奶者的极端情况时，他们发现饮用全脂牛奶的成年人端粒比饮用脱脂牛奶的人短145个分子。

That’s the equivalent of additional years of biological aging, they said.

他们说，这相当于增加了数年的生物老化。

Milk is made up of about two-thirds of saturated fat, which is thought to trigger inflammation in the body and increase oxidative stress on cells.

牛奶由大约三分之二的饱和脂肪组成，饱和脂肪被认为会引发体内炎症，增加细胞的氧化应激。

“It appears that the milk fat and cellular aging association identified in this investigation was probably due, in part, to increased inflammation and oxidative stress caused by increased consumption of saturated fat,” the authors wrote.

作者写道:“在这项研究中发现的牛奶脂肪和细胞衰老之间的联系，可能部分是由于摄入了更多的饱和脂肪而导致炎症和氧化应激的增加。”