图片中的朝鲜战争

This week’s meeting between Kim Jong-un, North Korea’s leader, and his South Korean counterpart, President Moon Jae-in, seeks to ease decades-long tensions that flared into geopolitical conflict during the Korean War from 1950 to 1953.

本周，朝鲜领导人金正恩(Kim Jong-un)与韩国总统文在寅(Moon Jae-in)会面，谋求缓和两国数十年来的紧张关系，在1950年至1953年的朝鲜战争期间，这样的紧张关系升级为地缘政治冲突。

A particularly brutal conflict, it took the lives of an estimated three to four million people, many of them civilians, and left the Korean Peninsula devastated, particularly in the North, where roughly 25 percent of the population was believed to have been killed. Seoul, the South’s capital, now a booming megacity of 10 million, also suffered widespread destruction, changing hands four times.

那场冲突非常残忍，据估计约有300万到400万人丧命，其中许多是平民，整个朝鲜半岛被摧毁，尤其是北边的朝鲜。据信，该国有约25%的人口在这场冲突中丧生。如今已成为一个拥有1000万人口、蓬勃发展的巨型城市韩国首都首尔，当时也遭受了很大破坏，并且四度易手。

The conflict started when North Korea, which had the backing of the Soviet Union and China, invaded the South in June 1950 and quickly pushed South Korean forces to the southeastern tip of the Korean Peninsula. The United States, under the auspices of the United Nations and with troops led by Gen. Douglas MacArthur, invaded behind enemy lines in September at the coastal city of Incheon, pushing the North Korean forces back past their border.

那场冲突发生时，背后有苏联和中国支持的朝鲜在1950年6月入侵韩国，迅速将韩国部队逼退到了朝鲜半岛东南端。在联合国的支持下，美国部队由道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟(Douglas MacArthur)将军率领，于9月侵入敌人位于海滨城市仁川的防线，将朝鲜军队逼退回该国边界。

A particularly bloody stage of the conflict came after the allied forces drove the North Korean troops to the Chinese border, and China entered the conflict in October 1950. The ensuing fighting over the mountainous terrain of North Korea was known for its harsh conditions, especially in wintertime.

在盟军将朝鲜部队赶至中国边境旁，中国于1950年10月参战后，这场冲突进入了一个尤其血腥的阶段。随后围绕着朝鲜山岭地区展开的战斗因其艰苦条件而闻名，尤其是在冬天的时候。

For the next two years, the two sides fought to a standstill roughly centered on the area of the 38th parallel, the prewar dividing line between the two Koreas. The United States, North Korea and China agreed to an armistice in July 1953, which South Korea refused to sign. The armistice halted the military conflict but left the combatants still technically in a state of war that has lasted to this day. It also created the Demilitarized Zone that separates North and South Korea and is the site of Friday’s summit meeting.

接下来的两年，双方进入大致以38度线为中心的对峙。38度线是战前朝韩两国的分隔线。1953年7月，美国、朝鲜和中国就一项停战协议达成一致，但韩国拒绝在该协议上签字。该停战协议暂停了这场冲突，但在严格意义上讲，交战双方仍处于战争状态，直至今日。停战协议还划出非军事区，将朝鲜和韩国分隔开来，也就是周五峰会的所在地。