贷款代替现金成为买房途径
贷款代替现金成为买房途径
Just a few years ago, more than a third of home buyers didn’t blink at throwing down cold hard cash to make their purchases.
就在几年前，超过三分之一的购房者还会毫不犹豫地拿出现金来买房。
But the share of all-cash home buyers has trended down since 2014, and the decline has accelerated in recent months. In June, just 16% of home buyers paid in cash, down from 23% in February, according to the National Association of Realtors. The rest bought the old-fashioned way – by taking out a mortgage. Applications for home loans jumped 9.5% last month from a year earlier, according to the Mortgage Bankers Association.
但自2014年以来，全现金购房者的比例呈下降趋势，最近几个月下降速度有所加快。全美房地产经纪人协会(National Association of Realtors)的数据显示，6月份只有16%的购房者以现金购房，低于2月份的23%。其余的人则以传统的方式购买——通过抵押贷款。美国抵押贷款银行家协会(Mortgage Bankers Association)的数据显示，上个月住房贷款申请较上年同期增长9.5%。
The shift can be traced to several factors, including a less competitive, more buyer-friendly market and tumbling mortgage rates.
这种转变可以追溯到几个因素，包括竞争力下降、更有利于买方的市场以及抵押贷款利率的下降。
The trend could be good news for a sluggish housing market in which existing home sales fell 4.2% the first half of the year compared with the same period in 2018, according to NAR figures.
NAR数据显示，对于低迷的房地产市场来说，这一趋势可能是个好消息。今年上半年，成屋销售同比下降4.2%。
The slowdown may partly reflect a drop in cash deals and the rise in purchases of homes using mortgages, says Ian Shepherdson, chief economist of Pantheon Macroeconomics, an economic research firm.. Since mortgage applications can take a couple of months to process, the lag could mean there will be a surge in home sales this fall, painting a brighter housing picture, he says.
经济研究公司Pantheon Macroeconomics首席经济学家伊恩•谢泼德森(Ian Shepherdson)表示，经济放缓可能在一定程度上反映了现金交易的减少和抵押贷款购房的增加。他说，由于抵押贷款申请可能需要几个月的时间来处理，这一滞后可能意味着今年秋季房屋销售将大幅增长，从而描绘出一幅更加光明的住房图景。
Here are some reasons cash sales have lost favor:
以下是现金销售失宠的一些原因:
Bidding wars have faded
竞购战已经消退
When competitive bidding was the rage, “People were cashing in their savings, such as 401(k) plans…in order to beat out” rival bidders who needed mortgages, says Jessica Reinhardt, a broker at RE/MAX Alliance in Denver. Sellers loved cash offers because they meant quick purchases with few hassles.
丹佛RE/MAX Alliance的经纪人杰西卡•莱因哈特(Jessica Reinhardt)表示，当竞争投标风行一时时，“人们将自己的储蓄变现，比如401(k)计划……以击败”需要抵押贷款的竞争对手。卖家喜欢现金交易，因为现金交易意味着快速购买，很少有麻烦。
In many cases, parents gave cash gifts to their kids to buy homes. And some real estate brokers even put up cash for their clients, says Jessie Culbert, a Redfin agent in Seattle. “You needed cash to stand out,” she says.
在很多情况下，父母会给孩子现金礼物来买房子。西雅图Redfin的经纪人杰西·卡尔伯特(Jessie Culbert)说，一些房地产经纪人甚至为客户提供现金。“你需要现金才能脱颖而出，”她说。
Investors have pulled back
投资者已经撤出
Fifty-seven percent of investors – who buy homes to rent them out or make repairs and then sell for a big profit – pay in cash, NAR says. Yet the share of home purchases made by investors has declined from 11.3% in 2018 to 11.1% so far this year, according to a housing research firm CoreLogic.
全美房地产经纪人协会说，57%的投资者以现金支付，他们买房是为了把房子租出去，或者进行修缮，然后再以高价卖出。然而，房地产研究公司CoreLogic的数据显示，投资者购房比例已从2018年的11.3%降至今年迄今的11.1%。
Falling borrowing costs
借贷成本下降
Mortgage rates have decreased sharply since last year, which makes home loans more affordable. The average 30-year fixed mortgage rate was at 3.75%, down from 4.54% a year earlier, according to Freddie Mac. That has led many buyers who might have put up cash – whether investors or owners who plan to live in their units – to obtain mortgages instead, Shepherdson says.
自去年以来，抵押贷款利率大幅下降，这使得住房贷款更容易负担。据房地美(Freddie Mac)的数据，30年期固定抵押贷款的平均利率为3.75%，低于一年前的4.54%。谢泼德森说，这导致许多本来可能会拿出现金的购房者——无论是投资者还是打算住在自己公寓里的业主——转而申请抵押贷款。
