即使是短期暴露于低水平的空气污染也会增加心脏骤停的风险

即使是短期暴露于低水平的空气污染也会增加心脏骤停的风险

Short-term exposure to air pollution is linked to a higher risk of sudden heart problems, especially among older people, according to a study published Monday.

本周一公布的一项研究表明，短期暴露在空气污染中会增加突发心脏病的风险，尤其是老年人。

The study, published in the journal The Lancet, indicates that even low levels of air pollution can increase the likelihood of cardiac arrest. Study researchers at The University of Sydney say there is an "urgent need to reassess" international guidelines on air quality.

发表在《柳叶刀》杂志上的这项研究表明，即使是低水平的空气污染也会增加心脏骤停的可能性。悉尼大学的研究人员说，“重新评估”国际空气质量准则是“迫切需要”。

The research is believed to be the largest of its kind to date, according to the study's authors. They looked at data from emergency medical responses in Japan over a two-year period, as well as the country's records on air pollution involving particulate matter.

据该研究的作者称，这是迄今为止同类研究中规模最大的一次。他们查看了日本两年多来的紧急医疗响应数据，以及该国与颗粒物有关的空气污染记录。

Particulate matter, is a mix of solid and liquid airborne droplets, according to the Environmental Protection Agency. The particles, made up of dust, dirt, soot or smoke, originate from construction sites, unpaved roads, fields, smokestacks or fires, and can contain different chemicals. But most particles are a mix of pollutants from power plant, industrial and vehicle emissions.

根据美国环境保护署的说法，颗粒物是空气中固体和液体飞沫的混合物。这些由灰尘、灰尘、煤烟或烟雾组成的颗粒来自建筑工地、未铺设的道路、田地、烟囱或火灾，可能含有不同的化学物质。但大多数颗粒物是发电厂、工业和汽车排放的污染物的混合体。

The study focused on PM2.5. or tiny particulate matter, which can move deep into the lungs when inhaled and from there into the bloodstream.

这项研究的重点是PM2.5.即微小的颗粒物，吸入后可深入肺部，再从肺部进入血液。

Researchers identified 249.372 cases of out-of-home cardiac arrest between January 2014 and December 2015. Cardiac arrest is the result of electrical disturbances that cause the heart to suddenly stop beating. One cause of sudden cardiac arrest is a heart attack.

研究人员确定了2014年1月至2015年12月期间249.372例体外心脏骤停病例。心脏骤停是由于电流干扰导致心脏突然停止跳动的结果。心脏骤停的一个原因是心脏病发作。

About 98.5% of cardiac arrest cases studied occurred while PM2.5 concentrations were lower than the Japanese and US standard of 35 micrograms per cubic meter. Nearly 92% took place while PM2.5 concentrations were lower than the standard of 25 micrograms per cubic meter established by the World Health Organization.

在所研究的心脏骤停病例中，约有98.5%发生在PM2.5浓度低于日本和美国35微克/立方米的标准时。近92%的情况发生时，PM2.5浓度低于世界卫生组织制定的每立方米25微克的标准。

Researchers found that with every 10 micrograms per cubic meter increase in PM2.5., there is a 1-4% increased risk of cardiac arrest.

研究人员发现，PM2.5每立方米增加10微克。，心脏骤停的风险增加1-4%。

For patients older than 65. researchers found a significant association between PM2.5 exposure and increased incidences of cardiac arrest.

对于65岁以上的患者，研究人员发现PM2.5暴露与心脏骤停发生率增加之间存在显著的相关性。

Researchers also analyzed the data along gender lines but found no significant difference in how PM2.5 affects men and women.

研究人员还根据性别对数据进行了分析，但发现PM2.5对男性和女性的影响没有显著差异。

Professor Kazuaki Negishi, a professor at the University of Sydney School of Medicine and the study's senior author, said the findings support "recent evidence that there is no safe level of air pollution."

悉尼大学医学院教授、该研究的资深作者根岸和明教授表示，这些发现支持“最近的证据，表明空气污染不存在安全水平”。

Researchers point to an increase in air pollution in Australian cities after massive bushfires ravaged the country. In the city of Richmond, west of Sydney, the levels of PM2.5 reached more than 500 micrograms per cubic meter -- far surpassing levels deemed safe for humans to breathe. Earlier this month, NASA said smoke from the historic blazes traveled "halfway across Earth," impacting the air quality in other countries.

研究人员指出，大规模森林大火肆虐澳大利亚后，城市空气污染加剧。在悉尼以西的里士满市，PM2.5的浓度达到了每立方米500微克以上，远远超过了人们认为安全的呼吸水平。本月早些时候，美国国家航空航天局说，历史性大火产生的烟雾“跨越半个地球”，影响了其他国家的空气质量。