研究表明，男性应该被允许在死后捐献精子

研究表明，男性应该被允许在死后捐献精子

Sperm donations from dead men is "ethically permissible," say doctors seeking to tackle the shortage of living donors in the UK.

寻求解决英国活体捐赠者短缺问题的医生们表示，来自死者的精子捐赠是“道德上允许的”。

A study published in the Journal of Medical Ethics Monday proposed that men should be able to "register their desire to donate their sperm after death for use by strangers."

周一发表在《医学伦理学杂志》上的一项研究建议，男性应该能够“登记自己死后捐献精子给陌生人使用的意愿”。

Such a procedure would be similar to organ donation, authors Dr. Nathan Hodson of the University of Leicester and Dr. Joshua Parker of Manchester's Wythenshawe Hospital wrote in the study.

莱斯特大学的南森汉森博士和曼彻斯特维森西奥医院的朱莎帕克博士在研究中写道，这样的程序将类似于器官捐赠。

"If it is morally acceptable that individuals can donate their tissues to relieve the suffering of others in 'life-enhancing transplants' for diseases, we see no reason this cannot be extended to other forms of suffering like infertility, which may or may not also be considered a disease," the study says.

研究称：“如果个人可以捐赠自己的组织来减轻他人在‘增进生命的移植’中对疾病的痛苦，这在道德上是可以接受的，那么我们认为这没有理由不能扩展到其他形式的痛苦，比如不孕不育，这可能被认为是一种疾病，也可能不被认为是一种疾病。”

The mechanics of donating, they say, are entirely feasible through either electroejaculation or surgical methods.

他们说，通过电射精或手术方法，捐赠的机制是完全可行的。

Sperm would be cryopreserved following collection and thawed when chosen for reproduction, the authors said.

作者说，收集后的精子将被低温保存，并在选择用于繁殖时解冻。

Scientists said that harvesting sperm after death has been possible for many years and there is evidence that it can be used in reproduction. Sperm retrieved even up to 48 hours after death can result in viable pregnancies and healthy children, they said.

科学家们表示，多年来，人们一直有可能在死后收集精子，而且有证据表明，精子可以用于生殖。他们说，即使在死亡48小时后，精子仍能被回收，这将会导致怀孕和孩子健康成长。

Ongoing shortage of sperm donors in UK

英国精子捐献者持续短缺

The process would address the ongoing shortage of donor sperm in the UK, argue the authors, which has led to Britain importing commercially donated sperm to cope with demand from couples struggling to conceive.

该研究的作者认为，这一过程将解决英国目前捐献精子短缺的问题，这已导致英国进口商业捐献精子，以满足不孕不育夫妇的需求。

In 2017. an estimated 4.000 samples were imported from the US and another 3.000 from Denmark, according to the UK's Department of Health and Social Care.

根据英国卫生和社会保障部的数据，2017年，估计有4000个样本从美国进口，另外3000个样本从丹麦进口。

Researchers argued that sperm donated in this way could offer solace to the donor's bereaved family.

研究人员认为，用这种方式捐献的精子可以给捐献者的家属带来安慰。

"Grieving families commonly take solace in the knowledge that their loved one's organs have been used to improve the lives of others," the paper states.

“悲痛的家庭通常在得知他们所爱的人的器官被用来改善他人的生活时得到安慰，”该论文写道。

"Given the value that society places on parenthood and child-rearing, there is reason to believe that families of donors would react in a similar way regarding the donation of gametes."

“考虑到社会对父母和养育子女的重视，我们有理由相信，捐献者的家庭也会对配子的捐献做出类似的反应。”

But, according to the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), donors must be screened in line with legal requirements and guidance. HFEA is the UK agency that regulates fertility clinics.

但是，根据人类受精和胚胎管理局的规定，捐献者必须按照法律要求和指导进行筛选。人类受精和胚胎管理局是管理生育诊所的英国机构。

This includes medical screenings which can only be carried out while the donor is alive. At present, HFEA says, donors must be fully informed about the process and its implications, offered counseling and consent to the procedure.

这包括只能在捐献者在世时进行的医疗筛查。人类受精和胚胎管理局说，目前，捐赠者必须充分了解这一过程及其影响，提供咨询并同意这一程序。